Question 1

Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?

Accepted Answer

Only fibroblasts secrete the connective tissue matrix and collagen.

Question 2

Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Heat loss can be regulated by varying blood flow through the skin by opening and closing the arteriovenous anastomoses in conjunction with evaporative heat loss of sweat.The sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction and vasodilation through a-adrenergic receptors only.

Question 3

Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of _________________.

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous vasculitis involves the deposit of immune complexes,initiating an uncontrolled inflammatory response and causing the lesions that are often polymorphic.

Question 4

What term is used to identify skin lesions that are elevated,rounded,and firm with irregular clawlike margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Of the options available,only keloids typically send out clawlike prolongations.

Question 5

Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Only mast cells release histamine and play a role in hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.

Question 6

Lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated,thick,silvery,scaly,and erythematous characterize which type of psoriasis?

Accepted Answer

The description provided is characteristic of only lesions observed in plaque psoriasis.These lesions are well-demarcated,thick,silvery,scaly,erythematous plaque surrounded by normal skin.

Question 7

Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus?

Accepted Answer

Skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation reveals lumpy deposits of immunoglobulins,especially IgM,in some individuals.This immunoglobulin is the only one associated with discoid lupus erythematosus.

Question 8

What type of skin infection is tinea corporis (ringworm)?

Accepted Answer

Tinea corporis is a fungal infection of the skin.This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the nature of the infection.

Question 9

What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border?

Accepted Answer

The most common inflammatory disorder of the skin is eczema,or dermatitis.Eczema and dermatitis are general terms that describe a particular type of inflammatory response in the skin-these terms can be used interchangeably.Pruritus,lesions with indistinct borders,and epidermal changes generally characterize diseases that are considered eczematous.Of the available options,only eczema is associated with these characteristics.

Question 10

In allergic contact dermatitis,which cells possess the antigens and present them to T cells?

Accepted Answer

In allergic contact dermatitis,only Langerhans cells process the antigen and carry it to T cells that then become sensitized to the antigen-releasing cytokines and chemokines,leading to leukocyte infiltration and inflammation.

Question 11

In latex allergies,which immunoglobulin (Ig)is associated with an immediate reaction?

Accepted Answer

Latex allergy can be either a type IV hypersensitivity to chemicals used in latex rubber processing or a type I immediate hypersensitivity,with IgE antibodies formed in response to latex rubber protein.This selection is the only correct option available.

Question 12

Which type of dressings should be applied to pressure ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Superficial pressure ulcers should be covered with flat,nonbulky dressings that cannot wrinkle or cause increased pressure or friction.Spontaneous healing will occur more quickly if the ulcer is kept moist with an occlusive dressing.

Question 13

What is the first change in the skin that indicates a pressure ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin,usually over bony prominences,characterizes stage 1 pressure ulcers.This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the initial skin change indicative of a pressure ulcer.

Question 14

What clinical manifestations do allergic contact and stasis dermatitis have in common?

Accepted Answer

Only erythema and pruritus are exhibited with both conditions.

Question 15

Keloids are sharply elevated,irregularly shaped,progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of which substance in the corneum during connective tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal wound healing with excessive fibroblast activity and collagen formation during dermal connective tissue repair cause keloids.The other options are not associated with keloid formation.

Question 16

Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation?

Accepted Answer

The eccrine sweat glands are distributed over the body,with the greatest numbers in the palms of the hands,soles of the feet,and forehead.These secretions are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation.This function is not true for the other options.

Question 17

Chickenpox (varicella)may be followed years later by which disorder?

Accepted Answer

The same herpesvirus-varicella zoster virus (VZV)-causes both herpes zoster (shingles)and varicella (chickenpox).Varicella is the primary infection,followed years later by herpes zoster,particularly among those who are immunosuppressed.These statements are not true of any of the other options.

Question 18

Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cells (a type of dendritic cell)and dermal dendritic cells initiate an immune response by presenting processed antigen to T cells,thus providing a defense against environmental antigens.This function is not true of the other options.

Question 19

Which skin disorder begins with a single lesion that is circular,demarcated,and salmon pink,measures approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter,and is usually located on the trunk?

Accepted Answer

Of the options available,only pityriasis rosea begins as a single lesion known as a herald patch.This lesion is circular,demarcated,and salmon pink; it measures approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter and is usually located on the trunk.

Question 20

Which term is used to identify a collection of infected hair follicles occurring most often on the back of the neck,the upper back,and the lateral thighs that forms a mass and evolves into an erythematous,painful,and edematous mass and drains through many openings?

Accepted Answer

The term,carbuncle,is used to identify a collection of infected hair follicles occurring most often on the back of the neck,the upper back,and the lateral thighs.The lesion begins in the subcutaneous tissue and lower dermis as a firm mass that evolves into an erythematous,painful,and swollen mass and drains through many openings.

Quiz 46: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument