To infer causality, all of the following must be present EXCEPT:
A)there must be a statistical association between two variables.
B)one variable must occur prior in time to the other variable.
C)there must be a positive relationship between the two variables.
D)all of the other answers state factors that must be present.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Causality does not require a positive relationship between two variables; it requires a statistical association, temporal precedence, and the elimination of alternative explanations. A negative relationship can also indicate causality.

To Infer Causality, All of the Following Must Be Present