Question 1

Why do immunizations require two doses?
A) The first dose stimulates the effector cells only, and the second dose stimulates the memory cells only.
B) The first dose stimulates the primary immune response, and the second dose stimulates the secondary immune response.
C) In case the first dose is not enough to induce immunity, a second dose is given.
D) The first dose often is ineffective.
E) The first dose stimulates the innate immune response, and the second dose stimulates the adaptive immune response.

Accepted Answer

The first dose of an immunization primes the immune system, initiating the primary immune response, while the second dose boosts the immune response, leading to a more robust and quicker secondary immune response. This process helps in developing long-term immunity.

Question 2

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description.
-​degranulates in response to injury or antigens; stays anchored in tissues
A)macrophage
B)neutrophil
C)T lymphocyte
D)B lymphocyte
E)mast cell
F)dendritic cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the white blood cell type with...

Question 3

Passive immunization ____.
A) involves exposure to antigens
B) is an innate immune response
C) is given only to adults
D) results in memory cell formation
E) involves receiving antibodies from another individual

Accepted Answer

Passive immunization involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from another individual or source, rather than the body generating its own immune response to an antigen. This can provide immediate protection against certain infections but does not typically result in the formation of memory cells, as the individual's immune system is not actively engaging and responding to the pathogen.

Question 4

Active immunization ____.​
A) ​involves receiving antibodies from another individual
B) ​utilizes the inflammation response
C) ​is given only to children
D) ​results in memory cell formation
E) ​involves exposure to an allergen

Accepted Answer

Active immunization results in the formation of memory cells, which are part of the adaptive immune response. This process involves the body's immune system being exposed to a form of the antigen (through vaccination or natural infection) that does not cause disease but prompts the immune system to respond and build immunity to the specific pathogen.

Question 5

Matching
Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements.
-adaptive immunity involving T cells
A)innate immunity
B)antibody-mediated immunity
C)adaptive immunity
D)cell-mediated immunity
E)autoimmunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching
Select the type of immunity that is...

Question 6

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description.
-​kills infected or cancerous cells
A)macrophage
B)neutrophil
C)T lymphocyte
D)B lymphocyte
E)mast cell
F)dendritic cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the white blood cell type with...

Question 7

Smallpox ____.
A) was the target of the first vaccine
B) is spread by infected cattle
C) is only found in subtropical climates
D) was eradicated by 1850
E) is unrelated to cowpox

Accepted Answer

Smallpox was the target of the first vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in 1796, who used material from cowpox lesions to provide immunity against smallpox.

Question 8

Matching
Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements.
-adaptive immunity involving B cells
A)innate immunity
B)antibody-mediated immunity
C)adaptive immunity
D)cell-mediated immunity
E)autoimmunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching
Select the type of immunity that is...

Question 9

Autoimmune disorders are caused by ____.
A) lymphocytes that target self-cells
B) B cell activation
C) impaired innate immunity function
D) T cell activation
E) the inability to make antibodies

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disorders occur when lymphocytes, particularly T cells and B cells, mistakenly target and attack the body's own cells, recognizing them as foreign.

Question 10

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description.
-​produces antibodies
A)macrophage
B)neutrophil
C)T lymphocyte
D)B lymphocyte
E)mast cell
F)dendritic cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the white blood cell type with...

Question 11

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by ____.​
A) ​a primary immune deficiency
B) ​infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
C) ​successful worldwide eradication due to vaccination
D) ​a high cure rate
E) ​small, local affected populations

Accepted Answer

AIDS is characterized by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to a severe decline in the immune system's ability to fight off infections and diseases.

Question 12

Since HIV attacks T cells, which type of immunity is affected in HIV-infected individuals?​
A) ​innate
B) ​antibody-mediated
C) ​cell-mediated
D) ​inflammation
E) ​complement

Accepted Answer

HIV primarily targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for cell-mediated immunity.

Question 13

Matching
Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements.
-set of inborn, general defenses against infection
A)innate immunity
B)antibody-mediated immunity
C)adaptive immunity
D)cell-mediated immunity
E)autoimmunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching
Select the type of immunity that is...

Question 14

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description.
-​phagocyte that circulates in blood; most common of the phagocytes
A)macrophage
B)neutrophil
C)T lymphocyte
D)B lymphocyte
E)mast cell
F)dendritic cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the white blood cell type with...

Question 15

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description.
-​phagocytes that alert the adaptive immune system to presence of antigens in solid tissue
A)macrophage
B)neutrophil
C)T lymphocyte
D)B lymphocyte
E)mast cell
F)dendritic cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the white blood cell type with...

Question 16

Matching
Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements.
-set of immune defenses tailored to specific pathogens
A)innate immunity
B)antibody-mediated immunity
C)adaptive immunity
D)cell-mediated immunity
E)autoimmunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching
Select the type of immunity that is...

Question 17

Anaphylactic shock is caused by a(n) ____.​
A) ​overproduction of antihistamine
B) ​overproduction of histamines and prostaglandins
C) ​allergen that escapes detection by the immune system
D) ​cytokine storm
E) ​contact allergies

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic shock is primarily caused by an overproduction of histamines and prostaglandins in response to an allergen, leading to severe allergic reactions.

Question 18

Matching
Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements.
-immune response that targets one's own cells
A)innate immunity
B)antibody-mediated immunity
C)adaptive immunity
D)cell-mediated immunity
E)autoimmunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching
Select the type of immunity that is...

Question 19

The goal of immunization is to ____.​
A) ​limit the amount of time a person is ill with a disease
B) ​induce immunity to disease
C) ​enable infected individuals to recover from specific diseases
D) ​expose individuals to a disease
E) ​elicit an allergic response

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of immunization is to induce immunity to disease, which means to stimulate the body's immune system to protect against subsequent infection or disease.

Question 20

Antihistamines relieve allergy symptoms by ____.​
A) ​inhibiting the release of histamines and cytokines
B) ​binding directly to histamines
C) destroying mast cells before they can produce histamines​
D) ​binding to the allergens
E) ​stimulating effector T cells to produce more cytokines

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines work by inhibiting the release of histamines (and in some cases, cytokines) from cells, which are substances that cause allergy symptoms. They do not directly bind to histamines, destroy mast cells, bind to allergens, or stimulate T cells to produce cytokines.

Quiz 23: Immunity

Why do immunizations require two doses?

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -degranulates in response to injury or antigens; stays anchored in tissues A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Passive immunization ____.

Active immunization ____.

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -adaptive immunity involving T cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -kills infected or cancerous cells A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Smallpox ____.

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -adaptive immunity involving B cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Autoimmune disorders are caused by ____.

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -produces antibodies A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by ____.

Since HIV attacks T cells, which type of immunity is affected in HIV-infected individuals?

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -set of inborn, general defenses against infection A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -phagocyte that circulates in blood; most common of the phagocytes A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -phagocytes that alert the adaptive immune system to presence of antigens in solid tissue A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -set of immune defenses tailored to specific pathogens A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Anaphylactic shock is caused by a(n) ____.

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -immune response that targets one's own cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

The goal of immunization is to ____.

Antihistamines relieve allergy symptoms by ____.

Quiz 23: Immunity

Why do immunizations require two doses?

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -​degranulates in response to injury or antigens; stays anchored in tissues A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Passive immunization ____.

Active immunization ____.​

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -adaptive immunity involving T cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -​kills infected or cancerous cells A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Smallpox ____.

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -adaptive immunity involving B cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Autoimmune disorders are caused by ____.

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -​produces antibodies A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by ____.​

Since HIV attacks T cells, which type of immunity is affected in HIV-infected individuals?​

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -set of inborn, general defenses against infection A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -​phagocyte that circulates in blood; most common of the phagocytes A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -​phagocytes that alert the adaptive immune system to presence of antigens in solid tissue A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -set of immune defenses tailored to specific pathogens A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

Anaphylactic shock is caused by a(n) ____.​

Matching Select the type of immunity that is best described by the following statements. -immune response that targets one's own cells A)innate immunity B)antibody-mediated immunity C)adaptive immunity D)cell-mediated immunity E)autoimmunity

The goal of immunization is to ____.​

Antihistamines relieve allergy symptoms by ____.​

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -degranulates in response to injury or antigens; stays anchored in tissues A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Active immunization ____.

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -kills infected or cancerous cells A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -produces antibodies A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by ____.

Since HIV attacks T cells, which type of immunity is affected in HIV-infected individuals?

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -phagocyte that circulates in blood; most common of the phagocytes A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Match the white blood cell type with the proper description. -phagocytes that alert the adaptive immune system to presence of antigens in solid tissue A)macrophage B)neutrophil C)T lymphocyte D)B lymphocyte E)mast cell F)dendritic cell

Anaphylactic shock is caused by a(n) ____.

The goal of immunization is to ____.

Antihistamines relieve allergy symptoms by ____.