Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Blunted affect, or unresponsive mood, is not considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of abnormal experiences, behaviors, or sensations that are not typically present in people without schizophrenia. Blunted affect, on the other hand, refers to a lack of emotional expression that is commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia, but it is considered a negative symptom. Disorganised speech, catatonic immobility, and presence of abnormal behaviour are all positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 2

Which of the following behaviours is common in the developmental progression of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Restlessness is a common symptom of ADHD that persists throughout the lifespan.

Question 3

Purging techniques and the misuse of laxatives and diuretics to prevent weight gain are collectively referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Purging techniques and the misuse of laxatives and diuretics are all considered inappropriate compensatory behaviors as they are used to compensate for overeating or to prevent weight gain.

Question 4

An individual presents with a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,self-image and marked impulsivity.(S)he also engages in self-harming behaviour.A possible diagnosis may be:

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and marked impulsivity, along with self-harming behavior. This disorder is marked by intense mood swings and difficulty regulating emotions. The other options do not fit with this presentation.

Question 5

Individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)demonstrate difficulties with:

Accepted Answer

Individuals diagnosed with ADHD have difficulties with impulse control, regulating motor activity, and sustained attention. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is a possible explanation for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with multiple possible explanations. Research suggests that genetics, brain structural abnormalities, and environmental stressors can all play a role in the development of schizophrenia. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 7

The tendency to be easily distracted by irrelevant things is termed:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to be easily distracted by...

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa typically develops later than anorexia nervosa, often in late adolescence or early adulthood, whereas anorexia nervosa tends to develop in early to mid-adolescence.

Question 9

Charlie is seven-years-old,is enrolled in Year 2 at a local school but refuses to go because of his fear of separation from his mum.The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Charlie's fear of separation from his mum and refusal to attend school suggest a diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder would involve anxiety in social situations and agoraphobia would involve fear of leaving one's home or a safe environment. Specific phobia would involve a specific object or situation causing fear or anxiety.

Question 10

According to the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology,intrapsychic conflict between the id,ego and superego results in:

Accepted Answer

According to the psychodynamic approach, intrapsychic conflict between the id (primitive impulses and desires), ego (reality-based decision making), and superego (internalized moral standards) leads to the development of neurotic anxiety. This anxiety arises when the ego is overwhelmed by conflicting demands from the id and superego, resulting in an inability to take decisive action.

Question 11

The most successful intervention for treating autism is:

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning and modelling have both been found to be effective interventions for treating autism. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing desired behaviors and ignoring or providing consequences for undesired behaviors, while modelling involves demonstrating and reinforcing appropriate social skills and behaviors. Therefore, both A and B are correct answers. C, firm discipline, is not an effective intervention for autism and can actually be harmful.

Question 12

Any given factor,such as childhood maltreatment,will function differently in different individuals and may lead to multiple outcomes in adolescence or adulthood.This refers to the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of multifinality refers to the idea that a given factor can lead to multiple outcomes in different individuals. This means that childhood maltreatment, for example, may lead to different outcomes in different people – some may develop mental health issues, while others might be more resilient and may not experience any negative effects. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B (equifinality) refers to the idea that different factors can lead to the same outcome, which is not applicable here. Option C (sublimation) refers to the process of redirecting socially unacceptable impulses or behaviors into socially acceptable ones, which is also not relevant to the principle being described. Option D (dynamics) is a general term that refers to the multiple interacting factors that shape behavior, which is related but not the principle being described here.

Question 13

Of the following psychological problems,which is the least associated with childhood?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, and is relatively uncommon in children. ADHD and autism are both commonly diagnosed in childhood.

Question 14

Antipsychotic drugs,or neuroleptics,have been found to significantly reduce schizophrenic symptoms because they block what type of receptors?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors, which are believed to play a role in the development of schizophrenia. This reduces the symptoms associated with the disease, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Question 15

The DSM-5 is organised according to:

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 is organized based on developmental and lifespan considerations, reflecting how disorders manifest across different stages of life.

Question 16

According to Beck,the 'negative triad' includes a negative view of:

Accepted Answer

According to Beck, the 'negative triad' includes a negative view of the self, the world, and the future. This reflects a pessimistic way of thinking where one views themselves, their surroundings, and their future prospects in a negative light.

Question 17

Developmental psychopathology is the study of:

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychopathology focuses on understanding how psychological problems arise and change over time, particularly in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 18

Beliefs that seem real to an individual but are not real are called:

Accepted Answer

Delusions are false beliefs that an individual firmly holds onto, despite evidence to the contrary. These beliefs can be irrational and may include beliefs about themselves, others, or the world around them.

Question 19

Antipsychotic drugs have been found to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia but this relief does not come without negative side effects.Which of the following are common side effects of 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Atypical antipsychotic drugs can lead to various side effects including increased health problems, tardive dyskinesia, and excessive weight gain, making all of the provided options correct.

Question 20

A defense mechanism which involves redirecting potentially maladaptive feelings into more constructive or creative outlets,such as work or sport,is called:

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the defense mechanism where undesirable feelings or impulses are transformed or channeled into more socially acceptable and positive behaviors, such as work or sport. The other answer choices do not match the definition given.

Quiz 12: Psychological problems and development