Question 1

A nursing professor has three students from Africa in class.None of them is doing well, but they rebuff invitations to come to the professor's office with questions about the material.What action by the nursing professor would best address this problem?
A) Find a mentor from their own culture who can help them be successful.
B) Meet with them in a neutral spot and have discussion questions for them.
C) Reassure them that the professor is available during office hours for questions.
D) Send them to the academic skills specialist in the college for more help.

Accepted Answer

Although individuals within cultures vary widely and nothing should be assumed, people from traditional African cultures respect authority and may be hesitant to ask questions for fear that it will appear they are challenging the instructor.Meeting the students in a neutral place (not the professor's office)lessens the power hierarchy.By having discussion questions ready for them, the instructor eliminates this burden from the students.It may be possible to find a mentor from the students' own culture, but it also may be quite difficult to find someone who is both successful and willing to work with these students.It would also require a great deal of time; thus, it is not the best answer.It is important to let students know when you are available, but this alone will not do much to encourage the students to seek help.Some students may need more intensive help from an academic skills specialist, but simply sending these students to someone else does little to address the possible cultural issues behind the problem.

Question 2

A patient needs to make several challenging life changes to cope with a serious chronic illness.Instead of teaching the patient, the nurse spends time visiting with the patient and inquiring about family life, work, and hobbies.When a new nurse asks the reason for "wasting so much time" with the patient, the first nurse explains,
A) "All patients like to feel important and that you are interested in them."
B) "I like to establish rapport first before just jumping in and teaching."
C) "Knowing more about the patient informs me about possible motivators."
D) "When patients view you as friendly, they are more likely to respond."

Accepted Answer

Motivation can be a very powerful tool to encourage a patient to make desired behavior changes.For instance, if a patient with a serious chronic illness wants to participate in activities with his or her children, this could serve as a motivation to stay well and out of the hospital, which uses time, money, and other resources that could be instead applied toward the desired activity.The motivation for learning can be powerful and should be harnessed to enhance learning.It may be true that patients like nurses to be interested in them, but this is not related to an educational purpose.Establishing rapport is very important in all nurse-patient relationships, but this is not the best answer for this question.Although it is true that being friendly is more likely to cause patients to respond, this is not the best answer to this question.

Question 3

A mentor is working with a new faculty member to design learning activities and explains that using Bloom's taxonomy is helpful to:
A) describe changes in the learner's biases and values.
B) distinguish cognitive levels based on complexity.
C) level text material based on year in nursing school.
D) organize assessment data into the nursing process.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive objectives involve the mastery of material along a continuum of complexity.Bloom's taxonomy describes this continuum.Describing changes in the learner's biases and values describes affective objectives.Bloom's taxonomy is not used to level material across a curriculum.Bloom's taxonomy is not used to organize data into the nursing process.

Question 4

A patient has been attending an outpatient diabetes education group.On assessing the patient after several sessions, the nurse determines that the patient's knowledge is far below what the diabetic educator expects.The patient states, "I can't stand that group! All that talk mixes me up." The nurse concludes the most likely reason for this response is that the patient:
A) is not an auditory learner and is frustrated.
B) should give the group experience more time.
C) really does not like the people in the group.
D) would respond better to personal discussion.

Accepted Answer

There are three predominant learning styles: visual, auditory, and tactile/kinesthetic.If discussion is frustrating and confusing, the patient is probably not an auditory learner, and teaching techniques need to be adjusted.The patient has already been to several sessions and remains unhappy with the experience, so giving the group experience more time is not a good choice.Whether or not the patient likes the other people in the group is not highly relevant.It would be more reasonable to assess the patient's learning style.If the patient is not an auditory learner, even one-on-one discussions will not be the best learning experience.It would be better to reason that the learning style is the issue and conduct further assessments.

Question 5

A faculty mentor is explaining to a new faculty member how to assess affective objectives.The mentor states that the individual needing to make a health-related behavior change first needs to accomplish:
A) accepting.
B) receiving.
C) responding.
D) valuing.

Accepted Answer

Receiving indicates that the message has been heard and is thus the first-level objective.Accepting is not one of the affective objectives.Responding occurs after receiving.Valuing occurs after responding.

Question 6

A nurse has spent time teaching a patient and has provided several pamphlets along with written discharge orders in anticipation of discharge from the hospital in the morning.The patient appears bored and says, "I can't find my glasses." The best action by the nurse is to:
A) ask the patient why he or she is bored.
B) come back later when the patient is ready.
C) inquire gently about reading ability.
D) stop teaching and find the patient's glasses.

Accepted Answer

A likely explanation for the patient's behavior is illiteracy.The nurse should gently ask the patient about his or her reading level.A statement such as "Many people find this information difficult to read and understand" can open the door to a discussion about reading ability.As an alternative, the nurse can simply read the information out loud to the patient.Assuming the patient is actually bored might well cause defensiveness.In addition, "why" questions also often put patients on the defensive.If the patient is truly not ready to listen, coming back later might be an option after assessing that this is the case.However, this is not the best answer in this case because it does not address the reason for the lack of readiness.Finding the patient's glasses is not the best answer; the patient may continue looking bored and find other ways to stall the learning session.

Question 7

A nursing school wants to invest in expensive simulation equipment.The college president resists, asking why so much money is needed for a computerized simulation mannequin and programs instead of just having students practice in the skills lab.The best response the nursing dean can offer to justify this expense is:
A) "A day doing simulations can substitute for clinical when census is low."
B) "Actively engaging in scenarios will improve students' ability to learn."
C) "Routinely practicing skills in the lab is helpful but boring to students."
D) "Because other colleges use simulations, we need them to stay competitive."

Accepted Answer

Actively engaging in learning activities through simulations, role-play, or other experiential learning is a more effective way to learn content that requires motor skills.Some courses that typically have an unpredictable patient census (e.g., Obstetrics)often substitute simulations for clinical days, but it is not the best answer because it does not address learning specifically.Practicing in a traditional skills lab may be boring, but this is not the best reason.Staying competitive with other schools may be important, but this is not the best answer.

Question 8

A diabetic nurse educator teaches according to the principles of the cone of experience theory.Which activity planned by this nurse would best demonstrate the concepts in the theory when teaching a patient with diabetes to self-administer insulin injections?
A) Demonstrate and then allow plenty of practice and return demonstrations.
B) Find out the client's motivating factors and design rewards that fit these motivators.
C) Identify the learning styles of individual clients and tailor teaching to his or her style.
D) Use teaching styles that stimulate all five senses, limiting environmental distractions.

Accepted Answer

Edgar Dale's cone of experience theory says that skills are best learned with an initial demonstration followed by lots of practice time and the opportunity for repeat demonstrations.Finding out the client's motivating factors and designing rewards that fit these motivators would reflect concepts of change theory.Identify the learning styles of individual clients and tailoring teaching to his or her style would reflect concepts found in cognitive theories.Using teaching styles that stimulate all five senses and limiting environmental distractions would reflect the concepts in cognitive theory.

Question 9

A nursing dean is telling an applicant for a nursing faculty position that the school uses "learning-centered education" in which students are responsible for active learning and faculty members serve as guides.The potential faculty member labels the style of teaching at this college as based on __________ theories.
A) behaviorist
B) change
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theories detail active engagement in learning while designing activities that link new knowledge to old.A learning-centered environment would fit this description.Behaviorist theory includes presenting material from simple to complex with minimal learner engagement.This would be best observed in lectures.Change theories are most often used in patient teaching and include assessing readiness to learn and recognizing that changes must be congruent with the patient's values.Humanistic theory would encourage students to set their own goals for the learning experience.

Question 10

A faculty member is preparing a class that covers very sophisticated and difficult material.This faculty member uses the cognitive learning theories predominantly.To use cognitive theory to teach this material, the faculty member would most likely:
A) assess students' knowledge first because they may need to "unlearn" other material.
B) assign a case study that requires group collaboration and problem solving.
C) prepare a detailed lecture complete with informative slides and handouts.
D) require students to read heavily on their own and give minimal information.

Accepted Answer

Active learning, including having to actively seek information and collaborating with others, is consistent with cognitive learning theories.Having students "unlearn" old knowledge would be consistent with behaviorist theories.Detailed lectures and handouts are most consistently aligned with behaviorist theory.Having students do heavy reading on their own might be part of a cognitive theory-based class, but there is not enough detail about the learning process to make this answer correct.

Question 11

A nurse working with professionals in continuing education understands that the learning theory that probably will be most useful in this job is a __________ theory.
A) behaviorist
B) change
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories are usually most useful for adult learning because the learners tend to be self-motivated, self-directed, and self-evaluated.This nurse will be working with self-motivated adult learners, so behaviorist theory is not a good match.This nurse will be working with self-motivated adult learners, so change theory is not a good match.This nurse will be working with self-motivated adult learners, so cognitive theory is not the best match.

Question 12

The technology-savvy nurse often refers patients to interactive online learning resources for health care information.What issue does this nurse need to consider as a priority when using this method of instruction?
A) Divide between people with technology and those without it.
B) Learning style most receptive to using Internet resources.
C) Relative lack of information on specific disease topics.
D) The types of devices on which patients access these sites.

Accepted Answer

According to a recent survey, 85% of Americans use the Internet.For whatever reason, 15% do not.The nurse must be cognizant of the divide between these two groups because not everyone even has ready access to the Internet.If patients need to go to a public library or some other public space to access information, this decreases the likelihood of their actually doing so.The other options are items to assess, but they are not nearly as important as ensuring the patients have the ability and resources to use the Internet.

Question 13

A clinical faculty member stresses "see one-do one-teach one" as a teaching methodology.When asked about this technique, the instructor explains that:
A) doing all three things covers several learning styles.
B) it gives the students a feeling of mastery of the topic.
C) people retain a high percentage of what they teach.
D) teaching others helps develop leadership in students.

Accepted Answer

According to Dale (1969), people will retain about 95% of what they teach.Multiple learning styles do come into play with this methodology, but this is not the best answer.Giving students a "feeling" of mastery is not the focus of teaching; the goal is actual mastery of the subject.Promoting leadership is a good goal, but it is not the reason for this educational technique.

Question 14

A nurse has planned a detailed and individualized teaching plan for a patient who had a double mastectomy.While working with her, the nurse notes that the patient seems distracted and unable to remember what was just taught; also, her skill at changing her dressings is poor.The nurse is frustrated and consults a colleague, who explains that the most likely reason for this behavior is:
A) denial of the need to learn self-care.
B) inadequate pain relief or treatment.
C) lack of emotional readiness to learn.
D) not enough time to perform the skills.

Accepted Answer

This patient has had emotional upheaval related to a diagnosis of cancer and the loss of both breasts.The most likely cause of her seeming inability to learn is lack of emotional readiness.The patient may certainly be in denial.This is a very narrow interpretation of lack of emotional readiness, the correct answer.There may be other factors that contribute to lack of emotional readiness besides denial.Pain should be assessed and treated, but this is not the most likely cause.The nurse may be pushing the patient through the skills set too quickly, and this should be assessed, but it is not the most likely reason for the difficulty learning.

Question 15

A nurse is directing a patient to information on the Internet and recommends the site Health on the Net (HON).The nurse explains that this site:
A) evaluates the reliability of Internet health information.
B) presents a variety of health care topics written for lay people.
C) is a telehealth site with online health care consultations.
D) uses a program to determine the reading level of text.

Accepted Answer

HON is the gold standard site for investigating the reliability of health information found on the Internet.HON does not contain health information of its own but rather evaluates other websites for reliability.HON is not a telehealth site where people can obtain health care consultations.There are computer programs and websites that can determine the reading level of various materials, but HON is not one of them.

Question 16

A student nurse is teaching a patient from an unfamiliar culture about diabetic self-care.The patient is willing and able to take blood glucose readings and give insulin injections but will not use the sliding scale insulin protocol the physician has ordered.Which action by the student would be most beneficial?
A) Ask why the patient is unwilling to follow the scale.
B) Assess the patient's health-related value system.
C) Call the physician and ask for a simplified regimen.
D) Have someone else try to teach the sliding scale.

Accepted Answer

Because the patient is from an unfamiliar culture, it is possible that health-related values are interfering with the patient's adaptation of the desired behaviors.In a culture that is fatalistic, the patient may believe he or she does not have the same choices the nurse might have and so cannot make the kind of self-determination decisions required to use a sliding scale for insulin injections.Assessing the patient's health-related beliefs can shed light on this situation.Asking "why" questions often puts people on the defensive and may not elicit helpful information.A simplified regimen, in itself, is not what is important.The physician may need to abandon the idea of a sliding scale for this patient, but changes should not be made to the regimen without first gaining more information and assessing how culture is influencing the patient's actions.Without understanding the patient's cultural influences, simply having someone else try the teaching will probably not be helpful.

Question 17

A nurse is teaching a patient who is a recent immigrant from an Asian culture.The patient listens politely to discharge instructions and agrees to follow them.Two days later, the patient is readmitted, and the nurse is surprised to find none of the discharge instructions have been followed.The nurse would most likely conclude the patient:
A) did not have the resources to adhere to the directions.
B) is noncompliant or he or she would have asked questions.
C) lacked enough knowledge to follow through the instructions.
D) was too embarrassed to indicate a lack of understanding.

Accepted Answer

Although individuals within cultures vary widely and nothing should be assumed, people from traditional Asian cultures place a high value on "saving face" and not being embarrassed.With this patient's cultural background, the nurse should assess for this possibility.Before doing so, the nurse should probably consult with someone more familiar with the patient's culture.The nurse should also consider using printed material in the patient's native language.The patient's resources should certainly be assessed, but given the patient's cultural background, this would not be the most likely cause.Assuming that the patient is noncompliant is a very judgmental view and leaves no room for any explanation other than the patient choosing to not follow through.Insufficient knowledge may have been the cause, despite the teaching.However, given the patient's cultural background, this is not the most likely cause.

Question 18

According to the cone theory of learning, the least effective method for learning is:
A) discussing.
B) listening.
C) reading.
D) writing.

Accepted Answer

People retain only 10% of what they read, according to this theory.People retain 70% of what they discuss, according to this theory.People retain 20% of what they hear, according to this theory.People retain 60% of what they write, according to this theory.

Question 19

A nurse educator recognizes that presenting course content in a logical progression from simple concepts to more complex ones is a characteristic of __________ theories.
A) behaviorist
B) change
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist theories emphasize learning concepts from simple to complex with minimal learner participation in the learning activity.Change theories posit that learning occurs in ways that are congruent with an individual's value systems.Cognitive theories state that learners link new knowledge to meaningful knowledge they already possess.Humanistic theories allow learners to set their own goals.

Question 20

A nursing faculty member wants to use Internet-based synchronous learning to make up a class that was missed because of school closure.The instructor would plan to create a(n):
A) electronic drop box.
B) e-mail discussion.
C) slide presentation.
D) web conference.

Accepted Answer

A web conference would be considered a synchronous activity because all participants could log on to and participate in the activity at the same time.An electronic drop box is merely an Internet site where materials (e.g., a Word document)can be deposited.This would be an asynchronous learning activity.E-mail discussion does not occur synchronously, so this would be an asynchronous learning activity.A slide presentation can be uploaded to a specified website, and students can view it at their leisure, which would be an asynchronous activity.

Quiz 10: Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century

A nursing professor has three students from Africa in class.None of them is doing well, but they rebuff invitations to come to the professor's office with questions about the material.What action by the nursing professor would best address this problem?

A mentor is working with a new faculty member to design learning activities and explains that using Bloom's taxonomy is helpful to:

A faculty mentor is explaining to a new faculty member how to assess affective objectives.The mentor states that the individual needing to make a health-related behavior change first needs to accomplish:

A nurse has spent time teaching a patient and has provided several pamphlets along with written discharge orders in anticipation of discharge from the hospital in the morning.The patient appears bored and says, "I can't find my glasses." The best action by the nurse is to:

A diabetic nurse educator teaches according to the principles of the cone of experience theory.Which activity planned by this nurse would best demonstrate the concepts in the theory when teaching a patient with diabetes to self-administer insulin injections?

A faculty member is preparing a class that covers very sophisticated and difficult material.This faculty member uses the cognitive learning theories predominantly.To use cognitive theory to teach this material, the faculty member would most likely:

A nurse working with professionals in continuing education understands that the learning theory that probably will be most useful in this job is a __________ theory.

The technology-savvy nurse often refers patients to interactive online learning resources for health care information.What issue does this nurse need to consider as a priority when using this method of instruction?

A clinical faculty member stresses "see one-do one-teach one" as a teaching methodology.When asked about this technique, the instructor explains that:

A nurse is directing a patient to information on the Internet and recommends the site Health on the Net (HON) .The nurse explains that this site:

According to the cone theory of learning, the least effective method for learning is:

A nurse educator recognizes that presenting course content in a logical progression from simple concepts to more complex ones is a characteristic of __________ theories.

A nursing faculty member wants to use Internet-based synchronous learning to make up a class that was missed because of school closure.The instructor would plan to create a(n) :