Question 1

The "D" in Type D personality stands for:

Accepted Answer

The "D" in Type D personality stands for "Distressed type." Type D personalities are characterized by high levels of negative emotions such as worry, anxiety, and social inhibition. This can lead to increased risk for physical and mental health issues such as cardiovascular disease and depression.

Question 2

Which biological factor has been found to predict coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which biological factor has been found to...

Question 3

When oxygen is cut off to the muscles of the heart, a __________ is said to occur.

Accepted Answer

When oxygen is cut off to the muscles of the heart, it can result in a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart, which can be a warning sign of an impending heart attack. Cardiac neoplasm refers to a tumour in the heart, which is a rare condition. A stroke involves a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to decreased blood flow and oxygen to the affected area of the brain.

Question 4

Angina pectoris is a technical term for:

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris is a medical term used to describe chest pains that occur when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It's not the same as a heart attack, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure, although these conditions can increase the risk of developing angina.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a predisposing factor in hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Social isolation, getting angry easily, and sensitivity to salt are all predisposing factors in hypertension. However, stress management is a protective factor that can help manage hypertension.

Question 6

In the Western Collaborative Group Study, after traditional risk factors were controlled for, Type A subjects

Accepted Answer

The Western Collaborative Group Study found that Type A subjects were twice as likely to develop CHD compared to other subjects, even after traditional risk factors were controlled for.

Question 7

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Type A behaviour pattern?

Accepted Answer

The Type A behaviour pattern is characterized by ambition, impatience, and a sense of urgency, as well as competitiveness, hostility, and a need for control. However, being unhappy is not necessarily a defining characteristic of Type A behaviour. Some Type A individuals may experience high levels of stress and anxiety, but others may not necessarily be unhappy.

Question 8

What did a longitudinal study by Matthews et al. (2006) reveal regarding people playing video games?

Accepted Answer

The study by Matthews et al. (2006) found that blood pressure changes during video game play predicted coronary calcification 13 years later, suggesting a link between physiological responses to stress (like playing video games) and long-term cardiovascular health.

Question 9

Simon experiences severe levels of anger, anxiety, and depression. His mood fluctuates closely with his job success, although he places a great deal of pressure upon himself to succeed. Simon would have Type D personality if

Accepted Answer

Type D personality consists of individuals who experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and depression but tend to suppress or avoid expressing them. Simon fits this description as he places pressure on himself to succeed, but his mood fluctuates closely with his job success, indicating he may be suppressing his negative emotions. The other options do not necessarily fit the criteria for Type D personality.

Question 10

The element of Type A behaviour thought to have an influence on the development of coronary heart disease is:

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that hostility, or a tendency to be angry and irritable, is the Type A behavior most strongly associated with the development of coronary heart disease.

Question 11

Mr. Presto is considered by his wife to be a "workaholic." He is competitive about his work, always in a hurry, and hostile toward people who get in his way. Mr. Presto would be described as having:

Accepted Answer

Mr. Presto's behavior is characteristic of the Type A behavior pattern, which includes competitiveness, a sense of urgency, impatience, and hostility. The other options do not fully capture these traits.

Question 12

A recent study of cardiac rehabilitation patients in Toronto found that _____ had a Type D personality.

Accepted Answer

The question states that the study found that "cardiac rehabilitation patients in Toronto" had a Type D personality, but it does not specify the size of the sample or the overall population of cardiac rehab patients in Toronto. Without this information, it is difficult to give an exact percentage, but the closest answer choice is C) 30%.

Question 13

You feel severe chest pain, radiating into your left shoulder and arm. This is a symptom of:

Accepted Answer

Severe chest pain radiating into the left shoulder and arm can be a symptom of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and can also be related to atherosclerosis as an underlying condition. All these conditions are related to heart health and can present with similar symptoms.

Question 14

Subsequent research (Chida & Steptoe, 2009) on the Type A behaviour construct _____ its predictive utility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subsequent research (Chida & Steptoe, 2009) on...

Question 15

When blood pressure is monitored among paramedics at work,

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that blood pressure among paramedics only rises significantly during high stress calls, such as cardiac arrests or trauma situations, but not during low stress calls. This suggests that the rise in blood pressure is related to the level of stress experienced during the call, rather than simply the act of responding to a call.

Question 16

Myocardial infarction is predicted by:

Accepted Answer

Depression, episodes of anger, and job stress are all psychosocial factors that have been shown to increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the best choice is D, as all of the above factors contribute to the prediction of myocardial infarction.

Question 17

Mr. Presto is considered by his wife to be a "workaholic." He is competitive about his work, always in a hurry, and hostile toward people who get in his way. Which psychophysiological disorder is Mr. Presto most prone to develop?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Presto's competitive and hostile behavior, along with his tendency to always be in a hurry, puts him at risk for developing coronary heart disease. Chronic stress is known to contribute to the development of this disease, and Mr. Presto's behavior is likely to create ongoing stress that could have negative health consequences. Migraine headaches and asthma can also be influenced by stress, but Mr. Presto's behavior is particularly associated with coronary heart disease. Cancer is not directly linked to psychophysiological factors.

Question 18

The newly proposed Type D personality

Accepted Answer

The newly proposed Type D personality is defined as negative affect in conjunction with inhibition in expression. This represents a unique combination of emotions and behaviors that has been shown to be related to negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. It is distinct from Type A personality, which is characterized by competitiveness and a sense of time urgency, and Type B personality, which is more relaxed and laid-back.

Question 19

A British study of 10,000 civil servants found that coronary heart disease was predicted by:

Accepted Answer

The British study of 10,000 civil servants, known as the Whitehall Study, found that a sense of lack of control at work was a significant predictor of coronary heart disease. This study highlighted the importance of job control and the psychological impacts of work environments on health.

Question 20

The Type D personality has been positively associated with which type of coping?

Accepted Answer

Type D personality, characterized by negative affectivity and social inhibition, has been positively associated with avoidance coping strategies. This means individuals with a Type D personality are more likely to use avoidance as a way to cope with stress, rather than confronting or directly dealing with the problem.

Quiz 9: Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology