Question 1

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-known as an enterogastrone
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin

Accepted Answer

Enterogastrones are hormones released by the gut that decrease gastric motility and secretion. Both secretin and CCK (cholecystokinin) are considered enterogastrones because they slow down the digestive process. Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme in the small intestine and inhibits gastric acid secretion, while CCK is released in response to fats and proteins in the small intestine and slows gastric emptying.

Question 2

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-protein digestion begins
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of the enzyme pepsin and is completed in the small intestine lumen with the help of proteases secreted by the pancreas.

Answer: A, C, and D
 Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of amylase, continues in the small intestine lumen with the help of pancreatic amylase, and is completed intracellularly within the small intestine brush border with the action of various disaccharidases.

Answer: B and C
 Fat digestion begins in the stomach with the action of lipase and is completed in the small intestine lumen with the help of bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and various other lipases secreted by the pancreas.

Question 3

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-forms micelles to aid fat absorption
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Choice Letter(s): A 
 Bile salts are responsible for emulsifying fats and forming micelles to aid in their absorption in the small intestine.

Answer: D 
Choice Letter(s): D 
 Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, aiding in their absorption in the small intestine.

Question 4

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-carbohydrate digestion is completed
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate the site at which digestion of...

Question 5

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-gastric enzyme that digests protein
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Pepsin(ogen) is the gastric enzyme that is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach.

Question 6

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-exerts detergent action
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Choice Letter(s) or Number(s): A
 Bile salts exert a detergent action by emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by lipase. Pepsin(ogen) is a digestive enzyme that breaks down protein, amylase breaks down carbohydrates, and trypsin(ogen) breaks down protein as well.

Question 7

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-stimulated primarily by the presence of acid
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin

Accepted Answer

This description fits secretin, which is primarily stimulated by the presence of acid and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acid in the small intestine.

Question 8

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-secreted by the salivary glands
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Amylase is secreted by the salivary glands to break down carbohydrates in the mouth.

Answer: B
 Pepsinogen is secreted by the stomach and is activated to pepsin to break down proteins.

Answer: D
 Lipase is produced by the pancreas and helps to break down fats in the small intestine.

Answer: E
 Trypsinogen is also produced by the pancreas and is activated to trypsin in the small intestine to digest proteins.

Answer: A
 Bile salts are produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, then released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.

Question 9

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-stimulate(s)the pancreatic duct cells
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin

Accepted Answer

Only secretin stimulates the pancreatic duct cells, while CCK targets the gallbladder and pancreas. Gastrin is not involved in pancreatic duct cell stimulation.

Question 10

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-fat digestion begins
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

Fat digestion commences and is completed in the lumen of the small intestine with the help of bile salts and pancreatic lipase.

Answer: A and B
 Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins commences in the mouth and stomach, respectively, through the action of salivary amylase and pepsin. However, digestion of carbohydrates is not completed in the mouth, and digestion of proteins is not completed in the stomach.

Answer: D
 Intracellular digestion of carbohydrates and proteins occurs in the small intestine brush border with the help of enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, lactase, and peptidases.

Answer: E
 The colon is not involved in the digestion of any of the three main categories of foodstuffs. It mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining undigested material before excretion as feces.

Question 11

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-recycled many times through enterohepatic circulation
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Choice Letter: A 
 Bile salts are recycled many times through enterohepatic circulation, meaning they are reabsorbed from the small intestine and sent back to the liver for reprocessing.

Answer: B 
Choice Letter: N/A 
 None of the options describe pepsin(ogen), which is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach that breaks down proteins.

Answer: C 
Choice Letter: N/A 
 None of the options describe amylase, which is a digestive enzyme produced by the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks down carbohydrates.

Answer: D 
Choice Letter: N/A 
 None of the options describe lipase, which is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas and small intestine that breaks down fats.

Answer: E 
Choice Letter: N/A 
 None of the options describe trypsin(ogen), which is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas and small intestine that breaks down proteins.

Question 12

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-fat digestion is completed
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

Fat digestion starts in the small intestine lumen with the help of bile and pancreatic lipase. It is completed in the same location by the action of enzymes such as fatty acid esterase and monoglyceride lipase.

Answer: A, B, C, D
 Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth with the help of salivary amylase. It continues in the stomach and the small intestine lumen with the help of pancreatic amylase and various brush border enzymes such as sucrase, maltase, and lactase. Digestion of simple sugars is completed intracellularly in the brush border cells of the small intestine.

Answer: B, C, D
 Protein digestion starts in the stomach with the help of gastric enzymes such as pepsin. It continues in the small intestine lumen with the help of pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase. Digestion of amino acids is completed intracellularly in the brush border cells of the small intestine.

Question 13

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-activated by enterokinase
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Enterokinase is an enzyme that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin in the small intestine, which then activates other digestive enzymes like chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase.

Answer: A 
 Bile salts are produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and are secreted into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats by emulsifying them.

Answer: D 
 Lipase is secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, where it breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption.

Options B and C are not correct answers as they are not specifically activated by enterokinase. Pepsin(ogen) is activated by stomach acid, while amylase is produced in both the pancreas and salivary glands and is activated by a different process in the small intestine.

Question 14

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Trypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that specifically digests proteins by breaking down peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 15

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-protein digestion is completed
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate the site at which digestion of...

Question 16

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrate
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Amylase is a pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates.

Question 17

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-stimulate(s)the pancreatic acinar cells
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) is the hormone that stimulates the pancreatic acinar cells, helping to release digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Secretin also stimulates pancreatic secretions, but its primary target is the production of bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum. Gastrin is released by stomach cells and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid.

Question 18

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-secreted by the small intestine mucosa
A)both secretin and CCK
B)secretin
C)CCK
D)gastrin

Accepted Answer

Secretin and CCK are both hormones secreted by the small intestine mucosa. Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to help neutralize stomach acid, while CCK stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and gallbladder.

Question 19

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-carbohydrate digestion begins
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of salivary amylase.

Answer: C and D
 Carbohydrate digestion is completed in the lumen of the small intestine with the help of pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes.

Answer: B and E
 Stomach and colon do not play significant roles in carbohydrate digestion.

Question 20

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-enzyme that digests fat
A)bile salts
B)pepsin(ogen)
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin(ogen)

Accepted Answer

Lipase is the enzyme that digests fat. Bile salts also aid in the digestion of fat by emulsifying it, but they are not an enzyme. Pepsin(ogen) digests proteins, amylase digests carbohydrates, and trypsin(ogen) also digests proteins.

Quiz 14: The Digestive System

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -known as an enterogastrone

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -protein digestion begins

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -forms micelles to aid fat absorption

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -carbohydrate digestion is completed

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -gastric enzyme that digests protein

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -exerts detergent action

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -stimulated primarily by the presence of acid

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -secreted by the salivary glands

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -stimulate(s) the pancreatic duct cells

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -fat digestion begins

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -recycled many times through enterohepatic circulation

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -fat digestion is completed

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -activated by enterokinase

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -pancreatic enzyme that digests protein

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -protein digestion is completed

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrate

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -stimulate(s) the pancreatic acinar cells

Indicate which hormone(s) is being described by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -secreted by the small intestine mucosa

Indicate the site at which digestion of each of the three main categories of foodstuff commences and is completed by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -carbohydrate digestion begins

Indicate which digestive secretion is being described in each question by writing the appropriate letter using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -enzyme that digests fat