Question 1

Persuasive influences in advertising based on repetition effects, the truth effect, and mere exposure effect, are all based on what underlying memory phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The persuasive influences in advertising based on repetition effects, the truth effect, and mere exposure effect are all based on the underlying memory phenomenon of familiarity. The more familiar a brand or product is to a person, the more likely they are to have a positive attitude towards it and recall it in the future.

Question 2

Placing the picture of "Tony the Tiger" from the Frosted Flakes cereal commercial on Frosted Flakes cereal boxes helps consumers to recall the commercial while shopping at the grocery store. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The encoding-specificity principle of long-term memory states that memory is most effective when information available at encoding is also present at retrieval. In this case, the image of Tony the Tiger on Frosted Flakes cereal boxes serves as a cue that triggers recall of the associated commercial.

Question 3

Design an experiment to test the mere exposure effect. (Make sure you label the variables by type.)

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Question 4

What implications does the mere exposure effect have for advertising?

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Question 5

Describe the process of classical conditioning.

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Question 6

Your readings talk about how memory is like a computer. Using this same type of analogy, how is memory like a bucket of water? Identify 3 ways. (Advice: In your discussion, make sure you name the concept and you clearly show the concept's meaning through the analogy. For example, "life is like a box of chocolates," according to Forrest Gump. One concept related this is you "never know what type you're are going get." This represents the uncertainty of life, and how we don't know what outcomes will come from our choices.)

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Question 7

What implications does the encoding-specificity principle present for learning strategies?

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Question 8

The first time Terri tried sushi, she didn't like it, but she kept trying it every time her roommates brought it home. The third time she tried, she decided she actually liked the taste. This is an example of what effect?

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect refers to the tendency for people to develop more favorable attitudes towards a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it. In this case, Terri's repeated exposure to sushi led to her eventually liking it.

Question 9

Provide an example of three advertising claims that are literally true but figuratively false and justify your reasoning.

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Question 10

People often believe their own preferences are more consistent than they actually are. This phenomenon is associated most closely with which of the seven sins of memory?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the consistency bias, which falls under the category of bias in the seven sins of memory. It refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate the consistency of their attitudes and beliefs over time.

Question 11

List and define the seven sins of memory.

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Question 12

What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

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Question 13

The association principle of long-term memory explains all of the following phenomena except:

Accepted Answer

The association principle does not explain misattribution, which refers to mistakenly attributing a memory to the wrong source or context.

Question 14

What is the best strategy to use when combating marketplace rumors?

Accepted Answer

Creating positive associations in the consumer's mind is the best strategy to combat a marketplace rumor. This can be done through effective branding, marketing, and public relations efforts that highlight the positive aspects of the product or service. Denying the rumor or counterattacking the competition may draw more attention to the rumor and could potentially harm the company's reputation. Ignoring the rumor is also not a good strategy as it allows the rumor to spread unchecked.

Question 15

Information learned earlier reduces memory for related information learned later. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as proactive interference, where old memories interfere with the ability to remember new information. It's a common issue in memory studies, illustrating how previously learned information can make it more difficult to encode and recall new, similar information.

Question 16

Consider the product "Miller Lite Beer." When you think of Miller Lite, key features emphasized in Miller's advertising may come to mind, namely "tastes great" and "less filling." If you thought a bit longer, other concepts, like alcohol and calories, might also come to mind. Together, all of these pieces make up what is known as:

Accepted Answer

An associative network is a collection of nodes and links connecting those nodes that together represent a concept or piece of information. In the case of Miller Lite, the key features emphasized in advertising (tastes great, less filling) and related concepts (alcohol, calories) would all be part of the associative network for the brand.

Question 17

After hearing a new song several times, the song begins to appeal to you and you begin to like it more. This is an example of:

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Question 18

What are the types of "forgetting" that can occur in long-term memory?

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Question 19

Band-Aid brand bandages keeps running advertisements stating that its brand has the strongest adhesive of any bandage brand. They are hoping to take advantage of what effect?

Accepted Answer

The bandage brand is hoping to take advantage of the truth effect, which is the tendency for people to believe information to be true after repeatedly hearing it. By repeatedly advertising that their brand has the strongest adhesive, they are hoping that consumers will believe it to be true without necessarily fact-checking it.

Question 20

Explain the association principle of long-term memory.

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Quiz 9: The Role of Learning and Memory