Question 1

People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.
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Accepted Answer

Limited self-control means that a person has difficulty controlling their impulses and urges, and is more likely to act impulsively. Therefore, people with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.

Question 2

Research has found that children who are shy, or sometimes referred to as loners, are least likely to be abstainers and engage in higher rates of criminal activity as technological advances allow them to commit crime behind closed doors.

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence to support this statement. In fact, many studies have found that shy or introverted children are less likely to engage in risky behavior or criminal activity. Additionally, technological advances do not necessarily increase the likelihood of criminal behavior among any particular group.

Question 3

Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______.

Accepted Answer

Developmental theories of crime attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of criminal careers, including the onset of criminal activity, the continuation of offending behavior, and the eventual termination of criminal behavior. These theories are focused on the life course of criminal individuals and aim to identify risk and protective factors that influence these patterns over time.

Question 4

Measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight all have found to have no significant impact on self-control.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight are all associated with reduced self-control in children and adults.

Question 5

Research has shown that individuals with low resting ​heart rates may seek out dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.

Accepted Answer

Research supports the statement that individuals with low resting heart rates may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors to stimulate their bodies and achieve a certain level of arousal. This phenomenon has been observed in various studies and is believed to occur because individuals with low resting heart rates require more stimulation to reach the same level of excitement as those with higher heart rates.

Question 6

Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

Accepted Answer

According to Loeber's research, the authority conflict pathway begins with stubborn behavior at an early age and progresses to oppositional behavior, defiance of authority figures, and eventually delinquency and criminal behavior.

Question 7

The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of today's developmental approach.

Accepted Answer

Eleanor Glueck and Sheldon Glueck's early research in criminology and child development formed the basis of today's developmental approach, integrating various factors to understand criminal behavior over the life course.

Question 8

Loeber's covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behaviors, such as lying and shoplifting.

Accepted Answer

Loeber's covert pathway does begin with minor, underhanded behaviors such as lying and shoplifting.

Question 9

Life-course persisters may be considered "typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Life-course persisters are individuals who begin displaying antisocial or criminal behavior in childhood and continue these behaviors into adulthood, not just typical teenage misbehavior.

Question 10

How do life course theorists view criminality?

Accepted Answer

Life course theorists view criminality as a dynamic process that changes and evolves throughout an individual's life. They believe that the development of criminal behavior is influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, childhood experiences, peer relationships, and societal factors. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex interactions between individual and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior over time.

Question 11

Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Option D is inaccurate because problem behavior syndrome does not portray crime as the product of other social problems but rather as the result of the interplay between various risk factors and individual characteristics. The other options (A, B, and C) are accurate statements about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome.

Question 12

Late bloomers combine psychopathology with risk-taking behavior and poor social skills.

Accepted Answer

Late bloomers are individuals who experience delayed development in certain areas, such as social skills and emotional maturity. They may also engage in risk-taking behaviors and exhibit symptoms of psychopathology, such as anxiety or depression.

Question 13

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime.

Accepted Answer

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are situational factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime. These factors relate to the immediate circumstances of an individual’s life and their interaction with the environment, rather than internal or cognitive factors.

Question 14

Public policy programs based on developmental theory ______.

Accepted Answer

Public policy programs based on developmental theory focus on addressing risk factors that lead to delinquency and crime in at-risk youths. This includes implementing multisystemic treatments that address family, community, school, and individual factors. The goal is to prevent delinquency before it occurs by providing support and resources to at-risk youths. The other answer choices do not align with developmental theory or the goals of public policy programs aimed at preventing delinquency.

Question 15

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents.

Accepted Answer

Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that poor self-control can be linked to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents, such as inconsistency in discipline and lack of supervision.

Question 16

Why is early onset an important factor in crime?

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that individuals who engage in antisocial behavior at an early age are more likely to progress to more serious and persistent criminal activity later in life. Early intervention and identification of these behaviors can potentially prevent further criminal behavior.

Question 17

In regard to public policy initiatives with developmental theory, programs aimed at strengthening children's social-emotional skills have been the least successful.

Accepted Answer

There is no clear consensus on which public policy initiative aimed at developmental theory has been the least successful. However, programs aimed at strengthening children's social-emotional skills have been shown to have positive effects on children's mental health, behavior, and academic achievement.

Question 18

One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.

Accepted Answer

The key principle of life course theory is that the seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life. Therefore, option D is the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the key principle of life course theory.

Question 19

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path that places them outside of the norm for their age group, are referred to as abstainers.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Abstainers are adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, which sets them apart from their peers who may engage in risky or delinquent behaviors.

Question 20

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in ______.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theorists argue that a master trait, present from birth or shortly thereafter, influences an individual's propensity to commit crime. This perspective suggests that certain inherent or early-developing characteristics predispose individuals to criminal behavior.

Quiz 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.

Research has found that children who are shy, or sometimes referred to as loners, are least likely to be abstainers and engage in higher rates of criminal activity as technological advances allow them to commit crime behind closed doors.

Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______.

Measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight all have found to have no significant impact on self-control.

Research has shown that individuals with low resting heart rates may seek out dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.

Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of today's developmental approach.

Loeber's covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behaviors, such as lying and shoplifting.

Life-course persisters may be considered "typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.

How do life course theorists view criminality?

Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome?

Late bloomers combine psychopathology with risk-taking behavior and poor social skills.

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime.

Public policy programs based on developmental theory ______.

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents.

Why is early onset an important factor in crime?

In regard to public policy initiatives with developmental theory, programs aimed at strengthening children's social-emotional skills have been the least successful.

One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path that places them outside of the norm for their age group, are referred to as abstainers.

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in ______.

Quiz 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive. ​

Research has found that children who are shy, or sometimes referred to as loners, are least likely to be abstainers and engage in higher rates of criminal activity as technological advances allow them to commit crime behind closed doors.

Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______.

Measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight all have found to have no significant impact on self-control.

Research has shown that individuals with low resting ​heart rates may seek out dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.

Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of today's developmental approach.

Loeber's covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behaviors, such as lying and shoplifting.

Life-course persisters may be considered "typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes, first in adolescence and, later, in adulthood.

How do life course theorists view criminality?

Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior syndrome?

Late bloomers combine psychopathology with risk-taking behavior and poor social skills.

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime.

Public policy programs based on developmental theory ______.

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate child-rearing practices by parents.

Why is early onset an important factor in crime?

In regard to public policy initiatives with developmental theory, programs aimed at strengthening children's social-emotional skills have been the least successful.

One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path that places them outside of the norm for their age group, are referred to as abstainers.

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in ______.

People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.

Research has shown that individuals with low resting heart rates may seek out dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.