Question 1

Crystallised intelligence is

Accepted Answer

Crystallised intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills acquired through education and experience, and hence it is acquired across one's life. Option B is incorrect as sensory integration pertains to perception and processing of sensory information, whereas crystallised intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills. Option C is also incorrect as crystallised intelligence is highly useful in solving real-life tasks as it represents the accumulated knowledge and skills that one has gained over time. Option D is partly correct as timed, standardised IQ tests provide one way of assessing crystallised intelligence, but it is not the only way as there are other measures like achievement tests, verbal fluency tests etc.

Question 2

The _____ approach studies how interrelationships among intellectual abilities are organised.

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach primarily focuses on studying the interrelationships among intellectual abilities and how they are organized. It aims to develop reliable and valid methods of measuring intelligence and understanding the underlying structure of cognitive abilities. The other options do not directly relate to the study of intellectual abilities, and so are not the best choices.

Question 3

Dr Sithole has organised her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. What would be the best title for Dr Sithole lecture?

Accepted Answer

The title "You and your primary mental abilities" indicates a focus on individual intelligence and skills, which aligns with Dr Sithole's grouping of different skills in her lecture. The other three title options do not accurately reflect the content of the lecture.

Question 4

According to Schaie's research, the fact that most 60-year-olds today would score higher on an intelligence test than a group of 60-year-olds would have in 1940 is best explained by a cohort effect involving

Accepted Answer

Schaie's research indicates that the increase in IQ scores among 60-year-olds today is due to the cohort effect, specifically an increase in educational experience among this age group over time. This suggests that cultural and environmental factors, rather than age or genetic factors, are responsible for the difference in IQ scores over time.

Question 5

Fluid intelligence consists of abilities that

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is related to problem solving, abstract reasoning and the ability to adapt to new situations. Therefore, option A is the correct choice as it mentions the flexibility and adaptiveness of thinking. Option B is incorrect because fluid intelligence is largely considered to be innate and biologically determined rather than acquired. Option C is incorrect because secondary mental abilities are considered a subset of primary mental abilities. Option D is also incorrect because fluid intelligence includes inductive and abstract thinking abilities, but not necessarily verbal skills.

Question 6

Even though Jabu is only 22 years old, he is already the 'king of trivia'. If Jabu is typical, his ability to do well in trivia games will most likely

Accepted Answer

Trivia knowledge, which is a form of crystallized intelligence, tends to increase with age as individuals accumulate more knowledge and experience over time.

Question 7

Mr Khumalo's talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualise buildings in three dimensions as they are being designed. This suggests that Mr Khumalo has outstanding ____ abilities.

Accepted Answer

Spatial orientation refers to the ability to visualize objects in three dimensions and mentally manipulate them. This is the ability necessary for an architect to be able to design and envision buildings accurately.

Question 8

Dr Mkhize points to a picture of elephants and asks a patient to describe what they see in the picture. Dr Mkhize is probably assessing

Accepted Answer

Word fluency is the ability to produce words quickly and easily. It is often assessed by asking a patient to name as many words as they can in a given category (e.g., animals, fruits, vegetables) or starting with a given letter (e.g., words starting with the letter "F").

Question 9

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Secondary mental abilities are measured indirectly through assessments of general intelligence, whereas primary mental abilities are measured directly through specific cognitive tests.

Question 10

Estelle has never seen a rugby game. After watching for 20 minutes, however, she is able to accurately describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Estelle is skilled at

Accepted Answer

Estelle's ability to understand the general premise of the game after only 20 minutes suggests that she was able to use inductive reasoning to draw conclusions based on observation and patterns.

Question 11

Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on a quiz show would be exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Crystallised intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge and skills, which would be necessary to be able to answer all the questions on a quiz show. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and problem-solve, which may not necessarily be demonstrated by knowing all the answers to a specific set of questions. Postformal thought and reflective judgment refer to more complex and higher-order forms of thinking, which may not necessarily be demonstrated by simply knowing the answers to a quiz show.

Question 12

Which type of task is best suited to assessing fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think logically, solve problems and adapt to new situations. A timed maze completion test requires problem-solving skills and the ability to think logically under pressure, making it a good assessment of fluid intelligence. Trivial contests and vocabulary tests may assess knowledge or crystallized intelligence, while a test of cultural norms may assess social intelligence.

Question 13

Wandile loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary that he has acquired. A competent psychologist would suggest that this skill provides the best example of

Accepted Answer

Crystallised intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge and skills over time, particularly through education and experience. Wandile's ability to display a large vocabulary indicates that he has acquired a significant amount of knowledge in this area, which is an example of crystallised intelligence. Post-conventional thought and pre-conventional thought refer to stages of moral development, and fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems in novel situations.

Question 14

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time uses the ____ research design he invented.

Accepted Answer

Schaie's study uses the sequential research design, which combines both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to study intellectual change over time.

Question 15

The ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts is called

Accepted Answer

The ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts is a characteristic of inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves starting with general principles and applying them to specific situations, while word meaning and factual knowledge are not directly related to the ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts.

Question 16

A cricket coach tells a bowler, 'With a little training, I think that you could become a spin bowler.' This provides a good example of a belief in the ____ of an ability.

Accepted Answer

The coach's statement about the possibility of the bowler becoming a spin bowler indicates a belief in the plasticity of the bowler's abilities - that is, the idea that they can be developed and improved with training and practice.

Question 17

Crystallised intelligence is to fluid intelligence as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Crystallised intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills that a person has acquired through experience and education, such as vocabulary size. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, is the ability to solve new problems and understand complex concepts, such as assembling a puzzle. Therefore, the best comparison would be between these two types of intelligence, and vocabulary size vs. assembling a puzzle is the closest match. The other answer choices do not represent a clear analogy between the two types of intelligence.

Question 18

Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary mental ability is to secondary mental...

Question 19

Which is not a 'primary mental ability?'

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is not considered a primary mental ability. The primary mental abilities are generally considered to be number ability, verbal meaning, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, and verbal fluency.

Question 20

If you wanted to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence, you should focus on testing participants'

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve new problems, think abstractly, and reason in a novel way. It is thought to decrease with age, unlike crystallised intelligence, which is based on accumulated knowledge and experience and tends to remain stable or increase with age. Therefore, focusing on testing participants' fluid intelligence would be the best choice to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood