Question 1

Dr Sithole is devising an intelligence test containing items that relate to experiences common to all people around the world. Dr Sithole is most likely attempting to develop a(n)

Accepted Answer

Dr Sithole is attempting to develop a culture-fair intelligence test, which aims to eliminate cultural bias and provide a fair assessment of intelligence for individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. By selecting items that relate to universal experiences, Dr Sithole is reducing the impact of cultural differences on the test results.

Question 2

Miriam's intelligence quotient is 100. She is 12 years old, so her mental age must be ____.

Accepted Answer

The formula for calculating IQ is (mental age/chronological age) x 100. Therefore, if Miriam's IQ is 100 and she is 12 years old, her mental age must also be 12 years old.

Question 3

Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test in order to

Accepted Answer

Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test to identify children who would need special help in school, not to rank-order races or assist in military selection. While testing their theory of intelligence may have been a goal, the primary purpose of the test was to improve education outcomes for children.

Question 4

The basic premise of a hereditary view concerning the nature of intelligence is that

Accepted Answer

A hereditary view of intelligence suggests that genetics play a role in determining a person's IQ score. Therefore, individuals who are more closely related (such as siblings or parents and children) are expected to have more similar IQ scores, resulting in a positive correlation between their scores. This is supported by research finding that the correlation between IQ scores of full siblings is typically around 0.50.

Question 5

The typical correlation between a child's IQ test score and their classroom grade is about ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The typical correlation between a child's IQ...

Question 6

On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined

Accepted Answer

Modern IQ tests calculate scores by comparing an individual's performance on the test to the performance of others in the same age group. This is known as a standardized norm group. The score is then calculated based on how the individual's performance compares to the average score of the norm group.

Question 7

Which statement concerning ethnicity and intelligence is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Although there is ongoing debate on this topic, the most widely accepted view is that intelligence differences between ethnic groups are likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies have shown that socio-economic factors, such as access to resources and quality education, can significantly affect intelligence scores. Therefore, even if there are differences in intelligence between ethnic groups, it is likely that these differences are at least partially attributable to environmental factors. The idea of a 'smart gene' is a highly controversial and not widely accepted theory in the scientific community. Finally, being economically disadvantaged is often related to ethnicity due to historical and systemic factors, but this does not mean that intelligence is not also a factor in economic outcomes.

Question 8

Roger has a mental age of 10. That means Roger

Accepted Answer

Mental age is a measure of intelligence level based on the average abilities of a certain age group. In this case, Roger's mental age is 10, which means he has the same level of mental ability as an average 10-year-old. Therefore, he would have passed test problems that an average 10-year-old would pass. Option A is incorrect, as mental age and chronological age are not the same thing. Option B is incorrect, as IQ is not mentioned in the statement. Option C is also incorrect, as there is no indication that Roger is a genius.

Question 9

If the following people all have a mental age of 10, who has the highest IQ?

Accepted Answer

IQ is calculated as (Mental Age/Chronological Age) x 100. Dumi, being 5 years old with a mental age of 10, has an IQ of (10/5) x 100 = 200, which is the highest among the options.

Question 10

IQ scores are

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that IQ scores are good predictors of both school success and occupational success. Higher IQ scores are correlated with better grades in school and higher paying jobs that require cognitive ability.

Question 11

Binet and Simon originally developed the concept of 'mental age' as a criterion for helping them distinguish

Accepted Answer

Binet and Simon developed the concept of 'mental age' to help them identify children who would be able to learn in school from those who needed special instruction. This concept was originally intended to identify children who were struggling in school and needed extra help. It was not concerned with race or economic disadvantage. While IQ tests came later, the original purpose of the mental age concept was to help with education and identifying children's intellectual capabilities.

Question 12

The fact that children with higher IQ scores tend to come from homes that provide them with cognitively challenging materials such as puzzles and books best supports the theory that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that children with higher IQ scores tend to come from homes that provide them with cognitively challenging materials suggests that environmental factors such as access to educational resources and stimulation impact intelligence. This supports the theory that intelligence is not solely determined by genetics but can also be influenced by one's environment.

Question 13

Self-discipline is _____, but _____ than IQ test scores.

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline is a good predictor of school success, but it is often an even better predictor of school success than IQ test scores.

Question 14

Which of these is not an example of how test-taking skills can have a negative effect on test scores?

Accepted Answer

Choice C is not an example of how test-taking skills can have a negative effect on test scores. It suggests that the test itself is not culturally fair, rather than the test-taking skills of the student affecting their score. Choices A, B, and D all involve the test-taking skills of the student (collaboration, test anxiety and working with an examiner) negatively impacting their test scores.

Question 15

Which evidence best demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in average WISC scores during the past 25 years suggests that something in the environment has changed to positively impact intelligence. This could include improvements in education, nutrition, or technology, among other factors. The stability of WISC scores over the past 25 years (choice D) does not demonstrate an environmental impact on intelligence, as it suggests that there has not been a significant change in the factors influencing intelligence during that time. The correlations between IQ scores (choices A and B) do not in themselves provide evidence for environmental impact on intelligence, as they could be influenced by genetic factors, shared environment, or other factors.

Question 16

In the U.S.A., ____ Americans tend to score highest on intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently shown that, on average, Asian Americans tend to score higher on intelligence tests than other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It's important to note, however, that such group averages do not capture the full diversity of individual abilities and potential. Additionally, it's important to approach intelligence testing with caution and awareness of potential cultural biases.

Question 17

Whose intelligence test was the first to use the concept of an intelligence quotient?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whose intelligence test was the first to...

Question 18

Precious loves to cook. While she is capable of reciting a large number of complete recipes and she often comes up with exotic dishes, the truth of the matter is that none of her recipes ever tastes very good, and she is always putting the uneaten leftovers in the fridge after evening dinners with her family. This indicates that on this task, Precious would rate poorly in ____ ability.

Accepted Answer

Practical ability refers to the ability to use tools or instruments and perform tasks requiring manual dexterity. In this case, cooking requires practical ability since it involves using equipment and following specific steps in order to produce a successful dish. The fact that Precious is unable to make good-tasting food despite her knowledge of recipes and creativity indicates that she is lacking in practical ability.

Question 19

Which data suggest the strongest link between heredity and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The strongest link between heredity and intelligence can be seen in identical twins whose IQ scores correlate at the +.9 level. This suggests that genes play a significant role in determining intelligence, as identical twins share 100% of their genetic material. Fraternal twins, biological siblings, and adoptive siblings also show some correlation in their IQ scores, but it is not as strong as that seen in identical twins.

Question 20

____ ability involves the realisation that a solution will actually work.

Accepted Answer

Practical ability involves being able to implement a solution in a realistic and effective way. It requires considering the practical implications and limitations of a solution before deciding to pursue it.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood