Question 1

After the American Revolution, the powers and responsibilities formerly exercised by crime victims were taken over by public prosecutors.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Prior to the American Revolution, crime victims were responsible for prosecuting their own cases or seeking private justice through means such as dueling or personal revenge. However, after the Revolution, the government took on the responsibility of prosecuting crimes and seeking justice on behalf of the victims and the community.

Question 2

After the American Revolution and the adoption of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, crimes were reconceptualized as hostile acts directed against the authority of the government.

Accepted Answer

The American Revolution and the establishment of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights led to a shift in the conceptualization of crimes as acts that challenged the authority of the government. This is reflected in the language and structure of the Constitution and the criminal justice system that was established in its wake.

Question 3

Robbery is classified as a street crime.

Accepted Answer

Robbery is considered a form of street crime, which also includes assault, theft, and vandalism. It is a crime that involves the use of force or threat of force to take someone else's property. It typically occurs in public places, such as on the streets or in parks, rather than in private residences or businesses.

Question 4

One outcome of the law-and-order movement was the concern that offenders were being mistreated by police.

Accepted Answer

The law-and-order movement primarily focused on stricter enforcement of laws and tougher penalties for crime, rather than concerns about the mistreatment of offenders by police.

Question 5

An analysis of government surveys during the 1990s found that the largest percentage of crimes with onlookers watching involved robberies.

Accepted Answer

The analysis found that the largest percentage of crimes with onlookers watching involved assaults, not robberies.

Question 6

Individuals who cope with criminal attacks in positive ways can serve as role models for other crime victims.

Accepted Answer

When individuals cope with criminal attacks in positive ways, they can inspire and serve as role models for other crime victims. By sharing their stories and demonstrating resilience and strength, they can provide hope and support to others going through similar experiences.

Question 7

Researchers find that the concept of "survivor" must be operationalized to be inclusive rather than restrictive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers find that the concept of "survivor"...

Question 8

The public's right to know via the media does not conflict with the victim's right to privacy.

Accepted Answer

The public's right to know via the media can conflict with the victim's right to privacy, especially in cases where the release of personal information could cause harm or retraumatize the victim. Balancing these two rights requires careful consideration and legal guidelines.

Question 9

"Moral entrepreneurs" is a term the author uses to describe activists who start the rediscovery process.

Accepted Answer

The author does use the term "moral entrepreneurs" to describe activists who initiate the process of rediscovery.

Question 10

When crime victims resist, it nearly always backfires on them.

Accepted Answer

Research and statistics show that the outcome of a crime victim's resistance varies widely depending on the situation, type of crime, and method of resistance. In some cases, resistance can deter the attacker or prevent the crime, while in others, it may escalate the situation. There is no universal outcome that applies to all scenarios.

Question 11

During Stage 3 of the discovery process, backlash may arise if the demands of victims are perceived as excessive.

Accepted Answer

During Stage 3, some individuals or groups may react negatively to the demands of victims if they perceive them as excessive or unreasonable. This can lead to backlash and resistance to change. However, it is important to recognize that the perceived excessiveness may be a result of the power imbalance and systemic inequalities faced by marginalized communities. It is crucial to listen to the voices of those who have traditionally been silenced and work together to address the root causes of injustice.

Question 12

The U.S.definition of sex trafficking has broadened over time to include all coerced adult prostitution and all involvement of children in sexual activities, including pornography.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The U.S. government has expanded its definition of sex trafficking to include all forms of commercial sex acts that involve force, fraud, or coercion, including those involving adults. Additionally, the trafficking of children for sexual exploitation, including for the production of pornography, is considered a form of sex trafficking.

Question 13

Some individuals are naturally resilient and some are not; the latter cannot learn to be resilient.

Accepted Answer

While some individuals may have a natural tendency towards resilience, research suggests that resilience can be learned and developed through various strategies and interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, social support systems, and problem-solving skills training.

Question 14

Research findings indicate that if there are fewer onlookers at a crime scene, one or more of them will more likely intervene than if there are many onlookers.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "bystander effect" and has been demonstrated in various studies. When there are many people present, individuals may assume that someone else will take action, leading to a diffusion of responsibility. However, if there are fewer people present, individuals may feel more responsible to take action themselves.

Question 15

The civil liberties movement contributed to furthering police professionalism.

Accepted Answer

The civil liberties movement pushed for greater accountability and oversight in police departments, leading to increased training and professionalism among officers.

Question 16

Survivorology is a new field of study that is related to but separate from the field of victimology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Survivorology is a new field of study...

Question 17

In the rediscovery process, analyzing recent data can aid in evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken to help survivors of crime but not in protecting others from the same fate.

Accepted Answer

Analyzing recent data not only helps in evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken to help survivors of crime but also plays a crucial role in identifying patterns, risks, and areas for improvement in preventive strategies, thereby aiding in protecting others from the same fate.

Question 18

In a majority of U.S.states , all passersby are legally obligated to intercede if they see a crime in progress.

Accepted Answer

While some states may have specific laws requiring individuals to intervene or report a crime, there is no universal law in the United States that compels all bystanders to intervene in a crime.

Question 19

Many people today who have been harmed by criminals prefer the term survivor rather than victim because it implies empowerment rather than powerlessness.

Accepted Answer

Survivor implies a sense of strength and overcoming, while victim implies a sense of helplessness and vulnerability. Many people choose to identify as survivors to empower themselves and take back control.

Question 20

The rediscovery process is in its final stage when activists make headway toward their goals.

Accepted Answer

The rediscovery process refers to the phase where previously overlooked or forgotten issues are brought back to public attention, not necessarily the final stage of achieving activist goals.

Quiz 11: Additional Groups of Victims With Special Problems