Question 1

Boyes and Chandler believe that dogmatism and skepticism are both rooted in the same awareness,which is that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Boyes and Chandler believe that dogmatism and...

Question 2

When making decisions,intuitions and the use of heuristics often take precedence over logic and deliberation.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The given scenario where intuitions and heuristics take precedence over logic and deliberation is a classic example of the dual process theory of decision making. According to this theory, people make decisions using either a fast, automatic and unconscious process (intuition) or a slow, controlled and conscious process (deliberation). In this case, the fast and automatic process of intuition is taking precedence over the slow and controlled process of deliberation, which is a characteristic of the dual process theory.

Question 3

Even though the concert was horrible and he hated it after the first ten minutes,Stan stayed for the entire concert because he had paid $40 for the ticket.His behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Stan's behavior illustrates the sunk-cost fallacy, which means that he continued to invest in a situation even though the outcome was not desirable because he had already invested resources (in this case, money for the concert ticket).

Question 4

Frida is certain that if her grandfather just got to know her pet turtle that he would love turtles instead of dislike them.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of naïve realism, which is the tendency to believe that our own perceptions and interpretations of the world are objective and accurate, and that others would share our views if only they had access to the same information. Frida assumes that her grandfather's dislike of turtles is based solely on ignorance, and that if he had the opportunity to know her pet turtle, he would change his perspective. This assumes that her grandfather's dislike of turtles is unfounded, and fails to consider the possibility that he may simply have a different preference or opinion.

Question 5

Adolescents who behave impulsively,intuitively,and indifferently tend to be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adolescents who behave impulsively,intuitively,and indifferently tend to...

Question 6

Possessing good "executive control" means that individuals are able to:

Accepted Answer

Executive control refers to the ability to monitor and control one's own thinking and learning. While abstract thinking and hypothetical thinking are also important cognitive abilities, they are not as directly related to executive control as the ability to monitor and control one's cognitive processes. Additionally, attention and perception control are other key components of executive control, making choice B the best option.

Question 7

Kristopher believes it is a fact that raccoons are a type of bear.When his mother informs him that they aren't,he decides his mom just has a different opinion.This illustrates Kristopher's:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kristopher believes it is a fact that...

Question 8

Which of the following is a rule rather than a principle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a rule...

Question 9

Epistomology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge, beliefs, truth, and justification. It is concerned with thinking about knowledge, how it is acquired, and how it can be validated or justified. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 10

Matt thinks that all his peers are fools because they have strong,deep beliefs.Matt is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Matt's attitude aligns with skepticism, which often involves doubting or questioning the validity or authenticity of something. In this case, Matt doubts the wisdom of having strong, deep beliefs, which is characteristic of a skeptic's approach to knowledge and belief systems.

Question 11

Epistemology is most similar to:

Accepted Answer

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge and belief. Metacognition is the ability to think about one's own thinking and knowledge, making it the most similar option. Creativity, decision making, and naturalistic intelligence do not have as direct a connection to epistemology.

Question 12

Rules of thumb are also known as:

Accepted Answer

Rules of thumb are also known as heuristics, which are mental shortcuts or quick decision-making strategies that can be helpful but also prone to errors and biases. Processes are more formal and structured methods for achieving specific outcomes, self-serving biases refer to our tendency to perceive ourselves in a favorable way compared to others, and principles are fundamental beliefs or values that guide behavior and decision-making.

Question 13

What is the name of the band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and transmits information back and forth?

Accepted Answer

The band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and transmits information back and forth is called the corpus callosum.

Question 14

Jamal realizes that he understands things better when he reads them than when he hears them.This example best illustrates Jamal's:

Accepted Answer

Jamal's realization that he understands things better when he reads them than when he hears them is an example of metacognition, which is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. By recognizing his own learning style and the most effective way for him to learn, Jamal is demonstrating metacognition.

Question 15

The understanding that absolute certainty of the truth is not necessary for rational behavior is a realization found in:

Accepted Answer

The understanding that absolute certainty of the truth is not necessary for rational behavior is a key belief held by postskeptical rationalists, who argue that rationality requires only a degree of confidence sufficient to justify action or belief, rather than absolute certainty.  Naïve realists, defensive realists, and dogmatists do not necessarily hold this belief.

Question 16

All of the following are skills that Ross believes decision-makers must master EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Ross emphasizes the importance of assessing alternatives by criteria, identifying alternative courses of action, and identifying appropriate criteria for considering alternatives as key skills for decision-makers. Summarizing information about criteria is not specifically mentioned as a skill that decision-makers must master according to Ross.

Question 17

Which of the following has been found to play an important role in adolescents' decision-making ability?

Accepted Answer

Experience plays an important role in adolescents' decision-making ability. As they are exposed to more situations and consequences, they can learn from those experiences and make better decisions in the future. Gender, SES, and genetics may have some influence, but they are not as strongly correlated with decision-making ability as experience.

Question 18

Suzanne realizes that there are many ways to interpret information,but not all ways are equally valid."You need to do the best you can with the information available," she says.Suzanne is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Suzanne's statement reflects a postskeptical rationalist perspective, which acknowledges the complexity and variability in interpreting information but emphasizes making reasoned judgments based on the available evidence. This approach contrasts with naïve realism (believing in an objective reality that is directly perceivable), dogmatism (holding onto beliefs rigidly), and skepticism (doubting the possibility of certain knowledge).

Question 19

Skeptical adolescents react to uncertainty by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Skeptical adolescents react to uncertainty by:
...

Question 20

A defensive realist believes:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A defensive realist believes:
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Quiz 5: Cognitive Development: Improvements in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making