Question 1

An example of an undesirable type of ____ is shown when there is an electrical current through the earth that can follow buried water pipes for a portion of its path.

Accepted Answer

Corrosion is the correct answer because when electrical current travels through the earth and follows buried water pipes, it can cause corrosion of those pipes. This process, often referred to as electrolytic corrosion, is undesirable as it can lead to the deterioration of the pipes' material over time.

Question 2

The term ____ refers to the process of separating elements by the use of electrical energy.

Accepted Answer

Electrolysis refers to the process of separating elements by the use of electrical energy. This process involves the use of an electrolyte, which contains ions that are either positively or negatively charged. When an electric current is applied to the electrolyte, the ions move towards the electrode of an opposite charge and undergo chemical reactions, resulting in the separation of the elements.

Question 3

____ is used as the electrolyte in automobile batteries.

Accepted Answer

Sulfuric acid is commonly used as the electrolyte in automobile batteries. It is able to provide the necessary conductivity for the battery to function properly.

Question 4

Corrosion is the rusting or wearing away of a metal by the formation of a chemical compound of the metal.

Accepted Answer

Corrosion is indeed the rusting or wearing away of a metal through chemical reactions.

Question 5

If a magnesium atom loses electrons (negative charges) and is now positively charged, it is called a positive ion.

Accepted Answer

This is correct, a magnesium atom losing electrons results in a positively charged ion, also known as a cation.

Question 6

Gas can be made to conduct a current if a moderately high voltage of ____ volts or more is applied to a gas at a low pressure inside a glass tube.

Accepted Answer

This process is known as gas discharge or ionization. At low pressures, gas molecules can become ionized or charged when a voltage of at least 50 volts is applied. This causes the gas to conduct a current, and the resulting glow or discharge can be used in applications such as neon signs or fluorescent lighting. Choices A, B, and D are too low of a voltage to ionize the gas molecules, and therefore will not conduct a current.

Question 7

Conduction in solutions, known as electrolytes, consists of the movement of free positive and negative ions in the same direction.

Accepted Answer

In electrolytes, conduction consists of the movement of free positive ions towards the negative electrode (cathode) and negative ions towards the positive electrode (anode), thus moving in opposite directions.

Question 8

When a gas is used as a(n) ____ between two charged plates, the current shown by the ammeter is practically zero as long as a moderate voltage is applied.

Accepted Answer

A gas used as an insulator between two charged plates will prevent the flow of current, thus the ammeter reading will be practically zero.

Question 9

Since metal ions are all positively charged, the object to be plated is connected to the ____.

Accepted Answer

In electroplating, the object to be plated is connected to the negative wire (cathode) because positively charged metal ions are attracted to the negatively charged object, leading to the deposition of metal on the object.

Question 10

A spark is a quiet, regular discharge, and successive sparks follow separate paths.

Accepted Answer

A spark is not necessarily quiet or regular, and successive sparks often follow the same path.

Question 11

In any electroplating process, the solution must contain the ions of the metal that is to form the coating.

Accepted Answer

This is true because the process of electroplating involves the reduction of metal ions in a solution onto a substrate (the object to be plated). Therefore, the solution must contain the metal ions in order for them to be deposited onto the substrate.

Question 12

The minimum amount of energy that an electron must possess to cause ionization (removal of electrons from atoms) is called the ____ potential.

Accepted Answer

The term that describes the minimum energy required to cause ionization is specifically called the ionization potential. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Choice B, action potential, is a term used in neuroscience to describe the change in electric potential that occurs between neurons during the transmission of a nerve impulse, but it is not related to ionization. Choice C, electrolytic potential, is a term used in electrochemistry to describe the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrolytic cell, but it is also not directly related to ionization. Finally, choice D, energy potential, is not a specific term and does not accurately describe the concept of minimum energy required for ionization.

Question 13

In gas at atmospheric pressure, a free electron collides with gas atoms so infrequently that it only travels long enough to gain the speed required to ionize an atom by collision.

Accepted Answer

In gas at atmospheric pressure, a free electron collides with gas atoms very frequently, not infrequently. This high collision rate prevents the electron from gaining enough energy between collisions to ionize an atom through collision, under normal conditions.

Question 14

A ____ occurs frequently in high-voltage equipment if precautions are not taken to prevent it.

Accepted Answer

Corona discharge is a phenomenon that occurs frequently in high-voltage equipment if precautions are not taken to prevent it. It is characterized by a high-intensity electrical discharge from an electrode or conductor surrounded by a fluid, such as air. The discharge can cause damage to the equipment and pose safety risks for operators.

Question 15

The anode is the terminal or electrode where electrons enter the cell, and the cathode is the electrode that carries electrons away from the cell.

Accepted Answer

In a cell, the anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs and electrons are produced (thus, they leave the anode), and the cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs and electrons are consumed (thus, they enter the cathode).

Question 16

Edison's concept of electron conduction in vacuum tubes has been applied to hundreds of devices designed to achieve specific tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edison's concept of electron conduction in vacuum...

Question 17

In liquids and gases, the transfer of electrical charges depends on particles called ____.

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrical charges in liquids and gases is mainly due to the movement of ions, which are particles carrying electrical charges. A is incorrect as electrolytes are substances that when dissolved in water, form ions that can conduct electricity. B is incorrect as neutrons have no electrical charge. C is incorrect as electroplates are not related to the transfer of electrical charges in liquids and gases.

Question 18

Water solutions of acids, bases, and metallic salts can conduct large amounts of current and are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are substances that when dissolved in water, produce solutions that can conduct electricity. These solutions contain ions, which are charged particles, that allow for the flow of electrical current. Acids, bases, and metallic salts are all examples of electrolytes.

Question 19

In solid conductors, the transfer of electrical charges is made by the movement of electrons.

Accepted Answer

In solid conductors, the transfer of electrical charges is always made by the movement of electrons.

Question 20

When plating an object with copper from a cyanide solution, the object to be plated must be an electrical conductor.

Accepted Answer

In order for copper plating to occur, an electrical current is passed through the solution and onto the object to be plated. Therefore, the object must be an electrical conductor in order for the plating process to work.

Quiz 13: Conduction in Liquids and Gases