Question 1

Which of the following was not part of Henry VIII's reformation of the Church in England?
A)Henry VIII tapped into the anticlerical tradition extending back at least to Wycliffe.
B)Henry VIII severed ties with the pope after the pope refused to annul his marriage.
C)Henry VIII disbanded monastic orders and confiscated their land.
D)Henry VIII had the Church in England adopt the views and practices of Calvin's Geneva.
E)Henry VIII effectively tolerated the continuation of Catholicism among sections of the English population.

Accepted Answer

Henry VIII did not adopt the views and practices of Calvin's Geneva. In fact, he remained staunchly opposed to Protestantism and firmly believed in Catholic doctrines and practices, even after his break with Rome. While he did make some changes to the practices of the Church in England, his reforms were primarily focused on consolidating his own power and wealth.

Question 2

Transubstantiation refers to the
A)transformation of the Church after the issuance of the Ninety-Five Theses.
B)theory that in communion the bread and wine become the substance of Christ's body and blood.
C)salvation that comes from faith.
D)holy order that converts a lay person to a member of the clergy.
E)the washing away of original sin in baptism.

Accepted Answer

Transubstantiation is the belief of many Christians, particularly in the Catholic Church, that during the sacrament of communion, the bread and wine actually become the substance of Christ's body and blood. This is seen as a mystical transformation that takes place through the power of God. The concept of transubstantiation has been debated and even challenged throughout history, but many Christians continue to hold fast to this belief as a central tenet of their faith.

Question 3

All the following factors pushed German peasants to revolt in 1525 except
A)the greed and conspicuous wealth of the clergy.
B)Luther's preaching about freedom and his successful revolt against the Church.
C)low wages paid by townspeople and domination by the nobility.
D)plague, disease, and famine.
E)severe inflation and growing poverty.

Accepted Answer

The German Peasants' Revolt of 1525 was primarily driven by economic and social grievances, such as the wealth of the clergy, Luther's ideas, low wages, and inflation. Plague, disease, and famine were not direct factors in this specific revolt.

Question 4

Protestantism in Hungary was
A)limited to the German population.
B)strong among the nobility and townspeople and influenced the country's intellectual life.
C)largely eliminated by the Turkish invasion in 1526 that destroyed most of the Hungarian nobility.
D)eliminated when the Catholic Hapsburgs came to rule the country.
E)established during the Hussite movement in neighboring Bohemia.

Accepted Answer

Protestantism in Hungary was strong among the nobility and townspeople and influenced the country's intellectual life. While there was a significant German-speaking Protestant population, Protestantism also had a strong following among Hungarians. The Turkish invasion did cause some setbacks for Protestantism in Hungary, but it continued to grow and flourish throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catholic Hapsburgs did try to suppress Protestantism in Hungary, but it remained a significant force until the modern era.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is least accurate?
A)The nobility of Germany perceived the movement of Luther as one opposed to their interests.
B)Lutheranism may be called an evangelical movement.
C)The freedom of which Luther spoke was an inner freedom.
D)Luther's victory against clerical opposition probably influenced the peasants to rebel.
E)Many supported the Reformation because it offered them the chance to seize Church lands and eliminate Church taxes.

Accepted Answer

The nobility of Germany generally supported Luther's movement as it allowed them to challenge the power of the Catholic Church and gain more autonomy.

Question 6

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with
A)merchants.
B)monasticism.
C)feudalism.
D)peasant communalism.
E)chivalry.

Accepted Answer

Calvinist ethics emphasized hard work, self-discipline, and frugality, which were all values that were appreciated by merchants, who were often Calvinists themselves. This work ethic encouraged economic growth and success, making it very compatible with the capitalist system that was emerging in Europe during the Renaissance.

Question 7

Calvin presented God as
A)a loving, gentle father.
B)both Father and Mother to humanity.
C)as omnipotent, frightening being who hated sin and demanded absolute obedience.
D)primarily reachable through mysticism.
E)infinitely forgiving.

Accepted Answer

Calvin believed in the sovereignty of God and presented him as an omnipotent being who hated sin and demanded absolute obedience. He emphasized the doctrines of predestination and election, and his theology was focused on the idea of the total depravity of man and the absolute sovereignty of God. Therefore, choice C is the best option that reflects Calvin's presentation of God.

Question 8

After the Bible, which became the most important work in Protestant Theology?
A)The Freedom of the Christian Man
B)Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation.
C)Institutes of the Christian Religion
D)The Book of Common Prayer
E)Imitation of Christ

Accepted Answer

The Institutes of the Christian Religion, written by John Calvin, became the most important work in Protestant theology after the Bible. It laid out the fundamentals of Reformed theology and provided a systematic approach to Christian doctrine.

Question 9

When Luther called upon the nobility to act as "both judge and executioner," he was condemning the
A)lords who did not convert.
B)radical Protestants who rebelled.
C)peasants who were in revolt.
D)clergy who still tried to collect fees for indulgences.
E)petty lawlessness in German society.

Accepted Answer

Luther's call for the nobility to be "both judge and executioner" was directed at the peasant revolt that was taking place in Germany at the time. He believed that the nobility had a responsibility to put down the rebellion and restore order.

Question 10

In the sixteenth century, Protestantism did not make significant gains in
A)Scandinavia and England.
B)France and Poland.
C)Lithuania and the Netherlands.
D)Italy and Spain.
E)Hungary and Germany.

Accepted Answer

Italy and Spain were both strongholds of Catholicism and were resistant to the spread of Protestantism during the sixteenth century.

Question 11

Because strict obedience to God's law could signal salvation, Calvinists
A)were active in their churches.
B)fervently repressed their vices.
C)were determined to make others behave virtuously.
D)did challenge secular authority and when possible dominated government.
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

Calvinists believed in the concept of predestination, meaning that God predetermined who would be saved and who would not. They believed that strict obedience to God's law could signal salvation, and therefore, they were often active in their churches, fervently repressed their vices, and were determined to make others behave virtuously. They also challenged secular authority and when possible, dominated government, as they believed that God's law should be the basis for all laws and governance.

Question 12

Luther and Calvin were similar in the following except
A)both had ambitious, upwardly mobile fathers.
B)both had legal training.
C)both were humanists.
D)they agreed about the relationship the state and the reformed church.
E)they accepted the concept of predestination.

Accepted Answer

Luther and Calvin had different views regarding the relationship between the state and the reformed church. Luther believed that the state and the church should work together, while Calvin believed in the separation of church and state.

Question 13

Katharina von Bora was
A)an Anabaptist preacher in northern Poland.
B)John Calvin's wife.
C)Martin Luther's wife.
D)wife of Frederick, Elector of Saxony, and an early convert to Luther's reforming views.
E)a mystic and a Zwinglian.

Accepted Answer

Katharina von Bora was Martin Luther's wife.

Question 14

A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be
A)the Catholic Church was not as corrupt in those countries as it was north of the Alps.
B)God has clearly predestined the Italians and Spaniards to damnation.
C)the Catholic Church effectively eliminated the Reformation in those countries.
D)the culture of Protestantism only appealed to Germanic peoples.
E)the Reformation is associated with the growth of capitalism and capitalism was very weak in Italy and Spain.

Accepted Answer

The Catholic Church in Italy and Spain undertook successful measures to eliminate the spread of Protestantism in those countries.

Question 15

According to the author, Calvinism became a revolutionary ideology because it
A)was the first to publish coherent arguments for political revolution.
B)preached social revolution including the abolition of private property.
C)enlivened Lutheranism with a powerful intellectual vision.
D)challenged the Catholic Church.
E)advocated the complete separation of the church and state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the author, Calvinism became a...

Question 16

The history of Protestantism in France includes all the following except
A)a brutal war with the Catholics beginning in 1562.
B)the slaughter of thousands of Huguenots in the St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
C)the succession of one of their leaders to the throne.
D)full religious tolerance in the Edict of Nantes in 1598.
E)the emigration of a quarter million French Protestants after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.

Accepted Answer

The Edict of Nantes in 1598 granted limited religious tolerance to Huguenots, not full religious tolerance.

Question 17

The Peace of Augsburg temporarily stopped religious violence by
A)giving each person in the Holy Roman Empire the freedom to practice the religion of his choice anywhere he wished.
B)enforcing a ban on Protestantism.
C)giving each ruler the power to determine which religion would be allowed on his territory.
D)resolving the differences between Catholicism and Protestantism.
E)disarming the Holy Roman Empire.

Accepted Answer

The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 gave each ruler in the Holy Roman Empire the power to determine which religion would be allowed on his territory. This ended religious violence temporarily as it allowed for different territories to have different religious beliefs without conflict. This did not give complete religious freedom to individuals and did not fully resolve the differences between Catholicism and Protestantism.

Question 18

The Swiss Ulrich Zwingli
A)was a contemporary of Luther's.
B)like Luther believed in the Bible as the Word of God.
C)seriously disagreed with Luther about communion.
D)inspired Calvinism.
E)All of these

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true. Zwingli was a contemporary of Luther's and believed in the Bible as the Word of God, but he held differing opinions about communion, which Luther believed was the actual body and blood of Christ while Zwingli believed it was purely symbolic. Zwingli's teachings and ideas also heavily influenced John Calvin, who went on to develop the theological system known as Calvinism.

Question 19

English Calvinists were known as
A)Lollards.
B)Puritans.
C)Anglicans.
D)Tories.
E)Jansenists.

Accepted Answer

English Calvinists were known as Puritans.

Question 20

All of the following can be attributed to Katherine von Bora except
A)a noble yet poor background.
B)a cloistered life in a convent.
C)hiding in empty herring barrels.
D)the statement "I will stick to Christ as a burr to a topcoat."
E)evangelical leadership.

Accepted Answer

Katherine von Bora was known for her escape from a convent and marriage to Martin Luther, but she was not known for evangelical leadership.

Quiz 14: The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

Which of the following was not part of Henry VIII's reformation of the Church in England?

Transubstantiation refers to the

All the following factors pushed German peasants to revolt in 1525 except

Protestantism in Hungary was

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with

Calvin presented God as

After the Bible, which became the most important work in Protestant Theology?

When Luther called upon the nobility to act as "both judge and executioner," he was condemning the

In the sixteenth century, Protestantism did not make significant gains in

Because strict obedience to God's law could signal salvation, Calvinists

Luther and Calvin were similar in the following except

Katharina von Bora was

A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be

According to the author, Calvinism became a revolutionary ideology because it

The history of Protestantism in France includes all the following except

The Peace of Augsburg temporarily stopped religious violence by

The Swiss Ulrich Zwingli

English Calvinists were known as

All of the following can be attributed to Katherine von Bora except