The direction of causality cannot be inferred logically from non-experiments, which results in more than one possible causal explanation.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Non-experimental studies cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship with certainty, as there may be other variables influencing the relationship between the two variables being examined. Therefore, the direction of causality cannot be inferred logically from non-experiments.

The Direction of Causality Cannot Be Inferred Logically from Non-Experiments