Question 1

When sociologists study the potential human connection to climate change, they ask which of the following questions?
A)Is climate change real?
B)What has changed since 1750, making human activity heavily dependent upon fossil fuels?
C)Is climate change human-made or part of the planet's natural shift in weather patterns?
D)What country is most responsible for climate change?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists focus on societal behaviors and structures, such as the shift towards heavy reliance on fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution around 1750, to understand how human activities contribute to climate change.

Question 2

A society in which the use of fossil fuels shapes virtually every aspect of people's personal and social lives is a ______________ society.
A)global
B)hydrocarbon
C)greenhouse
D)industrial

Accepted Answer

A hydrocarbon society is characterized by the extensive use of fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) in almost every aspect of daily life, including transportation, energy production, and manufacturing.

Question 3

Highways and vehicles have created _____ , making it difficult to distinguish between city, suburbs, and non-urban environments.
A)urban sprawl
B)planned obsolescence
C)globalisation
D)an anomaly

Accepted Answer

Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of urban areas into previously undeveloped lands. Highways and vehicles are key contributors to this phenomenon as they allow people to live farther from the city center while still being able to commute quickly and easily. This leads to a blending of city, suburban, and rural environments. Planned obsolescence refers to the practice of designing products to become outdated or no longer functional after a certain amount of time, which is not related to the given statement. Globalisation refers to the interconnectedness and integration of economies, cultures, and societies around the world, which is also not directly related to the given statement. An anomaly refers to something that is unusual or unexpected, which does not accurately describe the situation described in the question.

Question 4

Refrigerators, ovens, washing machines, and dryers built since 2000 are expected to last 8-12 years, while those built in the 1970s and 1980s lasted 20 years or more.This shift in product life is an example of
A)mechanisation.
B)rationalisation.
C)planned obsolescence.
D)a tipping point.

Accepted Answer

The shift in product life from lasting 20+ years to 8-12 years is a clear example of planned obsolescence, where products are intentionally designed to have a shorter lifespan in order to encourage consumers to buy new products more frequently.

Question 5

Sociologist Max Weber used the term __________ to refer to the way in which daily life is organised socially to accommodate large numbers of people.
A)mechanisation
B)rationalisation
C)planned obsolescence
D)tipping point

Accepted Answer

Max Weber used the term "rationalisation" to describe the way in which social organization becomes more formal, efficient, and calculable in modern societies, with an emphasis on goal-oriented and bureaucratic systems. This often involves the use of scientific and technical methods, as well as the standardization and centralization of decision-making. Mechanisation refers specifically to the use of machines in production processes, planned obsolescence is a business strategy to encourage consumers to buy new products by making old ones obsolete, and tipping point is a term used in complex systems theory to describe a critical threshold beyond which a system undergoes significant change.

Question 6

__________ is a transformative process in which people migrate from rural to urban areas and change the way they use land, interact, and make a living.
A)McDonaldisation
B)Urbanisation
C)Global interdependence
D)Planned obsolescence

Accepted Answer

Urbanisation refers to the process of people moving from rural or suburban areas to urban areas, which often involves changes in their way of life, land use, and economic activities. This is a major demographic trend that has been taking place around the world, and is often driven by economic, social, and environmental factors. McDonaldisation, global interdependence, and planned obsolescence are unrelated concepts that do not describe this process.

Question 7

_________________ is a state in which the social, political, financial and cultural lives of people are intertwined.
A)Globalisation
B)Global interdependence
C)Social change
D)Diffusion

Accepted Answer

Global interdependence refers to the growing interconnectedness of the world's economies, societies, and cultures. It means that the actions of one country or individual can have a significant impact on others. The concept reflects the fact that we all share a common fate and that we must work together to solve global challenges such as poverty, climate change, and disease.

Question 8

___________ is a situation in which social activity, including social problems, transcends national borders
A)Mechanisation
B)Globalisation
C)Urbanisation
D)Global interdependence

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ is a situation in which social...

Question 9

A company installs a soft drink dispenser that automatically shuts off after a specified amount is delivered into a glass.That company is applying which one of the following McDonalisation principles?
A)Efficiency
B)Quantification/calculation
C)Predictability
D)Control

Accepted Answer

Control is the correct answer because the dispenser automatically shuts off after a specified amount is delivered into a glass, which ensures that the customer receives the correct amount of drink and that the company does not waste product.

Question 10

About 50 per cent of the world's population lives in _______ environment.
A)an urban
B)a rural
C)a suburban
D)a city

Accepted Answer

According to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 11

___________ involves producing goods that are disposable after a single use, have a shorter life cycle than the industry is capable of producing, or go out of style quickly even though the goods can still serve their purpose.
A)Mechanisation
B)Rationalisation
C)Planned obsolescence
D)A tipping point

Accepted Answer

Planned obsolescence is the process of intentionally designing and producing goods that will become outdated or unusable within a certain period. This encourages consumers to purchase newer models, leading to increased sales and revenue for the company. Examples include smartphones, fashion, and electronics.

Question 12

_____ is the ever increasing flow of goods, services, money, people, information and culture across political borders.
A)Mechanisation
B)Globalisation
C)Urbanisation
D)Global interdependence

Accepted Answer

Globalisation refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies and societies through cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture. It has led to the expansion of trade, investment, migration, technology, and cultural exchange across the world, creating both opportunities and challenges for individuals, businesses, and governments.

Question 13

A company maintains 'We deliver within 30 minutes!' That company is applying which of the following McDonalisation principles?
A)Efficiency
B)Quantification/calculation
C)Predictability
D)Control

Accepted Answer

The promise of delivery within a specific time frame (30 minutes) is an example of quantification/calculation, as it involves measuring and ensuring a specific outcome.

Question 14

The principles of efficiency, quantification/calculation, predictability and control govern the organisational trend known as
A)McDonaldisation.
B)planned obsolescence.
C)tipping points.
D)innovation.

Accepted Answer

The principles mentioned (efficiency, quantification/calculation, predictability and control) are the hallmarks of McDonaldisation, which is a trend towards increasing efficiency and predictability in organisational processes.

Question 15

Why is Greenland the focus of a chapter on social change?
A)Greenland is the site of the UN meeting on climate change.
B)The consequences of human dependence on fossil fuels have not impacted Greenland.
C)The consequences of human dependence on fossil fuels may have resulted in Greenland's melting ice sheet.
D)Greenland is the country that has burned the most fossil fuels that contributed to climate change.

Accepted Answer

Greenland's melting ice sheet is a consequence of human dependence on fossil fuels and contributes to social change in terms of displacement, migration, and challenges to traditional ways of life.

Question 16

Sociology first emerged as a discipline attempting to understand an event that triggered dramatic and seemingly endless changes in every area of human life.That event was
A)the Sexual Revolution.
B)the Industrial Revolution.
C)the Civil War.
D)World War II.

Accepted Answer

Sociology first emerged as a discipline in response to the dramatic and complex changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, which not only transformed the economy but also changed social structures, relationships, and norms. Sociology sought to understand these changes and their impact on individuals and societies, laying the foundation for the study of social phenomena and human behavior.

Question 17

_________________ is any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the organisation and operation of social life.
A)Globalisation
B)Scientific revolution
C)Social change
D)Global interdependence

Accepted Answer

Social change refers to a substantial change in the organization and operation of social life. Globalisation and global interdependence refer to the interconnectedness of different countries and economies, while the scientific revolution refers to a time period in history when there were significant advances in science and technology. Therefore, the best choice is C - social change.

Question 18

The most critical factor driving the Industrial Revolution was
A)mechanisation.
B)the information explosion.
C)planned obsolescence.
D)human muscle.

Accepted Answer

Mechanisation, or the development and use of machinery to carry out production processes, was the most critical factor driving the Industrial Revolution. It allowed for increased productivity, precision, and efficiency in manufacturing, which in turn stimulated economic growth and created new jobs in various industries. Without the advances in mechanisation, it is unlikely that the Industrial Revolution would have had such a profound and lasting impact on society and the world economy.

Question 19

Which of the following social processes is not one that led to changes in human activity resulting in an increased dependency on fossil fuels?
A)Industrialisation/mechanisation
B)McDonaldisation
C)The information explosion
D)White flight

Accepted Answer

White flight refers to the movement of white population from urban areas to suburbs, and was not a social process that directly led to an increased dependency on fossil fuels. The other three options - industrialisation/mechanisation, McDonaldisation, and the information explosion - are all linked to changes in human activity that have resulted in increased fossil fuel consumption.

Question 20

To stay in 'fashion' many people buy a new car even though their old car is still in excellent-to-good condition.Similarly, people tend to buy new clothes before they wear out the clothes they already have.Such actions speak to
A)mechanisation.
B)rationalisation.
C)planned obsolescence.
D)a tipping point.

Accepted Answer

This action speaks to the concept of planned obsolescence, where companies intentionally create products with a limited lifespan in order to encourage consumers to purchase replacements sooner than necessary. This is often seen in the fashion industry with trends constantly changing and in the automobile industry with frequent model updates and new features that make older models seem outdated.

Quiz 23: Globalisation and Social Change

When sociologists study the potential human connection to climate change, they ask which of the following questions?

A society in which the use of fossil fuels shapes virtually every aspect of people's personal and social lives is a ______________ society.

Highways and vehicles have created _____ , making it difficult to distinguish between city, suburbs, and non-urban environments.

Refrigerators, ovens, washing machines, and dryers built since 2000 are expected to last 8-12 years, while those built in the 1970s and 1980s lasted 20 years or more.This shift in product life is an example of

Sociologist Max Weber used the term __________ to refer to the way in which daily life is organised socially to accommodate large numbers of people.

__________ is a transformative process in which people migrate from rural to urban areas and change the way they use land, interact, and make a living.

_________________ is a state in which the social, political, financial and cultural lives of people are intertwined.

___________ is a situation in which social activity, including social problems, transcends national borders

A company installs a soft drink dispenser that automatically shuts off after a specified amount is delivered into a glass.That company is applying which one of the following McDonalisation principles?

About 50 per cent of the world's population lives in _______ environment.

___________ involves producing goods that are disposable after a single use, have a shorter life cycle than the industry is capable of producing, or go out of style quickly even though the goods can still serve their purpose.

_____ is the ever increasing flow of goods, services, money, people, information and culture across political borders.

A company maintains 'We deliver within 30 minutes!' That company is applying which of the following McDonalisation principles?

The principles of efficiency, quantification/calculation, predictability and control govern the organisational trend known as

Why is Greenland the focus of a chapter on social change?

Sociology first emerged as a discipline attempting to understand an event that triggered dramatic and seemingly endless changes in every area of human life.That event was

_________________ is any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the organisation and operation of social life.

The most critical factor driving the Industrial Revolution was

Which of the following social processes is not one that led to changes in human activity resulting in an increased dependency on fossil fuels?

To stay in 'fashion' many people buy a new car even though their old car is still in excellent-to-good condition.Similarly, people tend to buy new clothes before they wear out the clothes they already have.Such actions speak to