Question 1

Today, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is MOST likely to be used as a treatment for patients with

Accepted Answer

ECT is primarily used as a treatment for severe cases of major depression that have not responded to other treatments such as medication or therapy. It is less commonly used for schizophrenia, and typically only for those who have not responded to antipsychotic drugs.

Question 2

In comparison to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotic drugs are

Accepted Answer

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are considered to be equally effective in treating schizophrenia as traditional antipsychotic drugs, but with fewer unpleasant side effects.

Question 3

Therapeutic drugs that gradually reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, hyperactivity, and mental confusion are

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs are used to gradually reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, hyperactivity, and mental confusion that are often associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Antidepressants are used to treat mood disorders such as depression, while mood stabilizers are used to regulate mood swings in conditions such as bipolar disorder. Antianxiety drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders and do not typically target symptoms associated with psychosis.

Question 4

The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are referred to as

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are mood stabilisers, which help control the extreme highs and lows of the disorder. Antianxiety drugs and antidepressants may be used as adjunct treatments, but they do not specifically target the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Antipsychotics may also be used to treat symptoms such as psychosis or mania, but they do not necessarily stabilize mood.

Question 5

Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of Kayla's symptoms.In this case, Kayla's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors are commonly prescribed as antidepressants to treat depression. The fact that Kayla has been prescribed an MAO inhibitor suggests that she may be experiencing symptoms of depression.

Question 6

Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are all

Accepted Answer

Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs are all types of antidepressant drugs commonly prescribed for depression and other mood disorders. They work by regulating the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which can have a positive impact on mood and emotional state.

Question 7

Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalisation?

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalisation aims to move mental health care from inpatient facilities to community-based care, which includes outpatient services. As a result, there has been a decrease in the average inpatient population in state mental hospitals (A) and an increase in the availability of outpatient care for psychological disorders (D). There has also been an increase in the number of mentally ill patients receiving care in local general hospitals (C). However, deinstitutionalisation has not led to an increase in the average length of stay in state and county mental hospitals (B); in fact, it has had the opposite effect as the goal of deinstitutionalisation is to reduce the need for long-term inpatient care.

Question 8

The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft

Accepted Answer

The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft belong to a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They work by slowing down the reuptake process at serotonin synapses, which increases the amount of serotonin available in the brain. This helps improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. They do not increase levels of dopamine or act as MAO inhibitors. Although they may be used in conjunction with other medications, they are not typically used to treat the manic symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 9

Compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs

Accepted Answer

Atypical antipsychotic drugs seem to produce fewer unpleasant side effects compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, making them a preferred choice for many patients with schizophrenia. While they may take longer to work, they are also effective in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. While they may have some off-label use in treating depression and anxiety, that is not their primary function.

Question 10

Today there are many alternative approaches to treatment, including client-centred therapy, cognitive therapy, behaviour therapy, and biomedical therapies.This wide range of alternatives illustrates that

Accepted Answer

The wide range of alternative approaches to treatment shows that psychology is theoretically diverse, as there are many different theories and perspectives on how to understand and treat psychological disorders.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is false?

Accepted Answer

Objective evidence does not support the claim that ECT causes structural damage to the brain. Studies have shown that any changes in brain structure and function after ECT are temporary and typically return to baseline within a few months. Memory loss is a common short-term side effect of ECT, and it is still used as a treatment for major depression, particularly in cases where other treatments have not been effective. However, the use of ECT has decreased since its peak in the 1940s and 1950s, partly due to concerns about its potential side effects.

Question 12

Jennifer's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that alters the activity in dopamine synapses.Her doctor is most likely treating Jennifer for symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Drugs that alter the activity in dopamine synapses are most commonly used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 13

Which group of therapeutic drugs used to treat psychological disorders is commonly referred to as tranquilizers?

Accepted Answer

Antianxiety drugs are commonly referred to as tranquilizers. The other options do not typically fall under this category.

Question 14

Deinstitutionalisation means that

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalisation refers to a shift from hospital-based mental health treatment to community-based care. This includes the development of outpatient services and community-based facilities, as well as a focus on providing care within the least restrictive setting possible. It does not necessarily mean that hospitalisation is no longer an option or that mental hospitals are becoming less structured. Option D is incorrect as it suggests that mental hospitals should provide care for individuals who do not require inpatient treatment.

Question 15

The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalisation refers to the process of transferring treatment for mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities. This was done to reduce the overcrowding and mistreatment of patients in psychiatric hospitals, and to provide more humane and effective care in the community.

Question 16

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups.This finding illustrates that

Accepted Answer

The fact that specific therapies may not work or may even be harmful when used with different cultural groups suggests that our behaviour and experiences are shaped by our cultural heritage. This highlights the importance of considering cultural factors in psychology and acknowledging the diversity of human experience.

Question 17

Therapeutic drugs that reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness are

Accepted Answer

Antianxiety drugs are specifically designed to reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness. Antidepressant drugs are designed to treat depression, and while they may have some anxiolytic effects, they are not specifically targeted at reducing anxiety symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder and are not typically used for anxiety symptoms.

Question 18

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions. It is used primarily for the treatment of severe depression, bipolar disorder, and sometimes schizophrenia. ECT has been used since the 1930s, but its usage has become more limited in recent years due to concerns about potential side effects and ethical implications. ECT is not a key component in aversion therapy.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that flexibility in using multiple therapeutic approaches can be beneficial in achieving positive outcomes in therapy. Therefore, it is not necessarily true that therapy is generally more effective if a single approach is used consistently throughout the treatment of an individual client.

Question 20

The risks of ECT

Accepted Answer

The risks of ECT may include short- and long-term intellectual impairment, among other potential side effects such as memory loss and cardiovascular complications. While advancements in the procedure have reduced these risks, they have not been completely eliminated. The use of ECT is still deemed appropriate in certain cases, but informed consent and careful monitoring are crucial to minimizing potential harm.

Quiz 16: Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour