Question 1

Bipolar disorders occur in ____ of the population.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder occurs in about 1% to 2% of the population according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

Question 2

Recent research has revealed that depressed patients have elevated levels of

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that depressed patients have elevated levels of cortisol, a hormone that is associated with stress. This suggests that chronic stress may play a role in the development and maintenance of depression. Elevated levels of cortisol can also lead to changes in brain structure and function, which may contribute to the symptoms of depression.

Question 3

According to Seligman people who exhibit a ____ explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression.

Accepted Answer

Seligman's theory on learned helplessness suggests that people with a pessimistic explanatory style, who view negative events as stable, global, and internal, are more likely to feel helpless and become depressed.

Question 4

The cognitive approach to explaining the etiology of depressive disorders maintains that people who are more likely to develop depressive disorders tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cognitive approach to explaining the etiology...

Question 5

Sarah is a 23-year-old woman whose sister has recently been diagnosed with a depressive disorder.Jacob is a 25-year-old man whose brother has recently been diagnosed with a depressive disorder.Based on studies which have investigated genetic vulnerability, you should predict that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that genetic vulnerability plays a significant role in the development of depressive disorders. As Sarah and Jacob both have a sibling with a depressive disorder, they both have an increased risk compared to the general population. However, the risk is higher for Sarah as she is a woman and women tend to have higher rates of depressive disorders. Additionally, research has shown that there is a stronger genetic link in sibling pairs of the same sex. Thus, Sarah is at a higher risk of developing a depressive disorder than Jacob.

Question 6

Jay has periods of elevated mood to the point of extreme euphoria and optimism that are followed by periods of depression.Jay is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of manic or hypomanic episodes followed by periods of depression. This matches the symptoms described for Jay. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, and awareness rather than mood regulation. Fugue state is a specific type of dissociative disorder involving loss of memory and identity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Question 7

Darla was fired from her most recent job.Based on Seligman's investigations into the cognitive factors that might contribute to depression, Darla will be MOST prone to depression if she attributes her firing to

Accepted Answer

Seligman's investigation suggests that individuals who attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global factors are more prone to depression. In this case, if Darla attributes her firing to her own lack of ability, which is an internal, stable, and global factor, she is more likely to experience depression. The other options (B, C, and D) are external and/or unstable factors and may not have the same impact on Darla's depressive symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with someone who has a bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are not typically associated with bipolar disorder but are more commonly associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The other three symptoms listed (sexually reckless behavior, inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep) are common symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Question 9

Researchers have found that bipolar disorder occurs

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder occurs with equal frequency in women and men, indicating that gender does not play a significant role in the likelihood of developing this condition.

Question 10

With regard to age, suicides peak in the

Accepted Answer

The answer of With regard to age, suicides peak in...

Question 11

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning the onset of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

The peak age of onset for bipolar disorder is in the late teenage years, typically between the ages of 15 and 19. While bipolar disorder can occur at any age, including in childhood, the majority of cases begin in adolescence or early adulthood. The symptoms may not necessarily be more severe with a late onset.

Question 12

Studies that have evaluated concordance rates for various mood disorders have found

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that the influence of genetic factors appears to be stronger for bipolar disorders than for unipolar disorders. This may be due to the fact that bipolar disorder is more heritable than unipolar disorder.

Question 13

It is safest to conclude that after 40 years of research effort, the neurochemical bases of mood disorders

Accepted Answer

The passage states that after 40 years of research effort, the neurochemical bases of mood disorders "remains mysterious," suggesting that it has not been fully uncovered or understood. Option A is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that the neurochemical bases are a fiction. Option B is incorrect because the passage does not provide a timeline for when the neurochemical bases may be discovered. Option C is incorrect because the passage does not state that the neurochemical bases have been definitively found.

Question 14

Mercy suffers from depression and she spends a great deal of time each day dwelling on her depressed feelings.Research would suggest that Mercy is at increased risk of developing

Accepted Answer

Ruminating on negative feelings or depressive symptoms can increase the risk of developing unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as binge-eating habits, to deal with emotional distress.

Question 15

Suicide rates are highest among people with which of the following specific disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suicide rates are highest among people with...

Question 16

For people suffering from bipolar disorder, manic episodes usually

Accepted Answer

Manic episodes generally last for a shorter duration than depressive episodes in people with bipolar disorder. The duration of a manic episode varies from a few days to a few months, while depressive episodes can last for several weeks to several months. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect as both manic and depressive episodes can lead to significant distress. Option C is also incorrect as the duration of manic episodes can vary widely. Option D is incorrect as manic episodes, along with depressive episodes, can increase the risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder.

Question 17

Seligman found that people with a pessimistic explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression.These individuals tend to attribute their setbacks to ____, and draw ____ conclusions about their personal inadequacies.

Accepted Answer

Seligman found that individuals with a pessimistic explanatory style tend to attribute their setbacks to personal flaws, rather than situational factors. They also draw global, far-reaching conclusions about their personal inadequacies, rather than narrow, specific ones.

Question 18

About what percentage of people who complete suicide suffered from some type of psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that up to 90% of individuals who die by suicide have experienced a psychological disorder, most commonly depression or another mood disorder.

Question 19

Correlations between mood disorders and a variety of structural abnormalities in the brain suggest that reduced volume in the ____ is related to depression.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have found that a smaller hippocampal volume is associated with depression. The hippocampus plays a critical role in regulating emotions and memory, so a decrease in its size and function may contribute to the development of mood disorders. Reduction in volume in other brain regions such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex have also been linked to depression, but the hippocampus is the most consistently implicated structure.

Question 20

Tina has been extremely hyperactive for the past week, and she has been getting by with only three hours of sleep each night.Her thoughts seem to be racing out of control, and she is convinced that the novel she started last week will become a best seller and win a Pulitzer Prize, even though she has never had any of her writing published in the past.Tina's symptoms suggest that she is currently experiencing

Accepted Answer

Tina's symptoms suggest that she is experiencing a manic episode. This is characterized by hyperactivity, racing thoughts, and grandiose beliefs, such as the belief that her novel will be a best seller and win a Pulitzer Prize. Dysthymic disorder is characterized by a persistent low mood, while generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry and anxiety. Dissociative fugue is a dissociative disorder that involves sudden and unexpected travel away from home or work, accompanied by memory loss. None of these disorders fit Tina's current symptoms as well as a manic episode.

Quiz 15: Abnormal Behaviour