Question 1

According to Freud, a person may become fixated at a particular psychosexual stage because of

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, fixation can occur due to either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs during a particular psychosexual stage. This can lead to a person habitually seeking gratification or avoidance of certain behaviors, resulting in fixation. Permissiveness and genetics are not identified as factors by Freud, and abnormalities in brain chemistry are not specifically linked to psychosexual development by his theory.

Question 2

Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed, but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this.According to Freud, Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual development theory, nail biting can be seen as an oral fixation, a carryover from the oral stage of development where infants gain pleasure from stimulating their mouth through sucking, biting, and chewing. Nail biting can be interpreted as an attempt to satisfy an unresolved need from this stage.

Question 3

The Freudian period that begins with puberty is the

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Question 4

Four-year-old Sam has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility toward his father.Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the

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Question 5

Identification of oneself with the proper gender, male or female, would occur during the

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage, which occurs between ages 3 and 6, is when children become aware of their gender and develop their gender identity. During this stage, boys develop their attraction towards their mother, called the Oedipus Complex, and girls develop their attraction towards their father, called the Electra Complex. This process is resolved when the child identifies with their same-sex parent, leading to the development of their gender identity.

Question 6

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father is a key concept in the Oedipal complex. This theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that boys experience a stage in their psychosexual development during which they develop sexual desires for their mother and see their father as a rival for her attention. This complex is thought to be resolved when the child identifies with the father and internalizes the societal norms and values associated with masculinity. The Electra complex is a similar concept that occurs in girls, where they desire their father and fear their mother. The genital complex is a later stage in psychosexual development characterized by the emergence of sexual desires and interests, while the latency complex refers to a phase in which sexual desires are repressed and children focus on other activities such as play and schoolwork.

Question 7

The stage of psychosexual development that runs from approximately ages three to six is

Accepted Answer

The phallic stage of psychosexual development in Freudian theory occurs roughly between ages three and six. This is the stage where children become increasingly curious about their own bodies as well as the bodies of others, and are thought to develop a sexual attraction to the parent of the opposite sex.

Question 8

Five-year-old Samuel often tells his older sister: "I can't wait to grow up, so I can marry mommy." Samuel is most likely in the stage of personality development that Freud referred to as the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the phallic stage occurs between ages 3 and 6, during which children become aware of their physical differences and form a sexual attraction towards the parent of the opposite sex. Samuel's desire to marry his mother suggests that he is in this stage.

Question 9

Having a rather poor sense of self-worth, Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by driving a sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club, and eating at the best restaurants.Bruce may be using the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Bruce is using identification, a defense mechanism where an individual enhances their self-esteem by aligning themselves with someone or something they perceive as successful or admirable.

Question 10

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages did he see as society's first systematic effort to regulate the child impulses?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the anal stage (around ages 1-3) was the first opportunity for society to begin regulating the child's impulses, specifically with the introduction of potty training and the expectation for the child to control their bowel movements. This marks the first time in the child's development where they are expected to conform to societal norms and expectations.

Question 11

Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

Freud proposed that individuals could get fixated in the oral stage of development, which runs from birth to approximately 18 months. During this period, the infant's primary source of pleasure involves the mouth through sucking and exploring objects with their mouth. If an individual becomes fixated in this stage, they may develop adult behaviors such as smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing as means of seeking oral gratification.

Question 12

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

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Question 13

Freud believed that during the phallic stage, children develop erotically tinged desires for

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, during the phallic stage (ages 3-6), children develop an erotic attraction towards the parent of the opposite sex and consider the same-sex parent as a rival for their affections. This is known as the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls). These desires are unconscious and repressed as the child begins to identify with the same-sex parent and develop appropriate gender roles.

Question 14

The Freudian period in which the child's sexuality is largely suppressed and the child focuses on expanding social contacts is the

Accepted Answer

The latency stage is the period in which the child's sexuality is largely suppressed and they focus on expanding social contacts. The anal stage is the period of focus on control of bowel and bladder movements, the phallic stage is the period of exploration of the genitals and identification with same-sex parent, and the genital stage is the final stage of sexual maturity and adult sexual relationships.

Question 15

Sindi is five years old, and two weeks ago her mother had a baby boy.Since her brother was brought home, Sindi has insisted on drinking all her juice from baby bottles and she has started wetting her bed.According to Freud, Sindi may be unconsciously dealing with her feelings toward her new brother using the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Regression is a defence mechanism where an individual reverts to an earlier stage of development during times of stress or conflict. In this case, Sindi may be regressing to the stage of infancy when she relied on bottles for nourishment. This behaviour could be Sindi's way of dealing with her feelings towards her new brother, which may be causing her stress or conflict. Wetting her bed may also be considered a form of regression as it is an earlier stage of development that she has already surpassed.

Question 16

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is

Accepted Answer

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is toilet training. During this stage (around 18 months to 3 years of age), children learn to control their bowel and bladder movements, and success or failure in this task can have a lasting impact on their self-esteem and sense of autonomy. While the Oedipal complex and gaining superiority are important developmental tasks associated with later stages (phallic and latency, respectively), they are not specific to the anal stage. Weaning from the breast or bottle is a task associated with the oral stage.

Question 17

Graham is a 25-year-old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity.According to Freud's view of personality development, this anxiety may have arisen from

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Question 18

Failure to resolve conflict at a particular stage of psychosexual development may lead to failure to move forward psychologically, a phenomenon that Freud called

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, if a person fails to resolve a conflict during a particular stage of psychosexual development, they may become "fixated" at that stage and have difficulties moving forward psychologically. This can lead to various behavioral and emotional problems.

Question 19

According to Freud's theory, the developmental periods that leave their mark on adult personality are

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory is based on psychosexual stages, which suggest that personality development occurs through a series of stages in which pleasure-seeking energies become focused on different erogenous zones of the body. The successful resolution of conflicts during these stages leads to healthy personality development, while fixation at any stage can lead to personality issues as an adult.

Question 20

Ashley is nine years old, and it seems that every day she brings home a different friend from school.As she expands her social contacts beyond her immediate family, Ashley is showing behaviour that is typical during Freud's

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage of psychosexual development (ages 6-11), children begin to focus more on social relationships with peers and may expand their social circle beyond their immediate family. This is also a time when sexual impulses are suppressed and children may place more emphasis on developing their intellectual and creative abilities. Ashley's behavior of bringing home different friends from school is characteristic of this stage.

Quiz 12: Personality Theories