Question 1

During the second phase of prenatal development most of the vital organs and body systems begin to form in the developing foetus.

Accepted Answer

During the second trimester, which is the second phase of prenatal development, the vital organs and body systems continue to develop and some even begin to function. This includes the development of the respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system, and reproductive system.

Question 2

____________________ refers the acquisition of the norms and behaviours expected of people in a particular society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers the acquisition of the norms...

Question 3

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been found to be associated with conduct problems in children.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found a strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and conduct problems, including aggression, defiance, and disobedience, in children. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke can affect the development of the fetal brain, leading to behavioral and emotional problems later in life.

Question 4

According to ____________________, infants are biologically programmed to emit behaviour that triggers and affectionate, protective response from adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to ____________________, infants are biologically programmed...

Question 5

Cross cultural research shows that separation anxiety emerges and peaks at similar ages world-wide, but that cultural variations in child rearing affects the patterns of attachment seen in a society.

Accepted Answer

Cross cultural research has indeed shown that separation anxiety emerges and peaks at similar ages world-wide, but there are cultural variations in child rearing that can affect the patterns of attachment seen in a society. For example, in some cultures, co-sleeping and close physical contact with caregivers is more common, which can result in a different kind of attachment style than in cultures where children are encouraged to be more independent and self-sufficient from a young age.

Question 6

Dementia occurs in ____________________ of people over the age of 75.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dementia occurs in ____________________ of people over...

Question 7

Research suggests that maternal emotions can affect prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the emotional state of the mother during pregnancy can have an impact on the developing fetus, including potential effects on the child's temperament, behavior, and long-term health outcomes.

Question 8

Drastic mental declines is not part of the normal aging process; however fifteen to twenty per cent of adults over age 75 will show some form of a cognitive deficit known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drastic mental declines is not part of...

Question 9

The evidence suggests that insecure attachments (ambivalent or avoidant) occur most often in infants who have a slow-to-warm-up temperamental profile.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. Research has found that slow-to-warm-up infants are actually more likely to develop secure attachments, rather than insecure ones. Insecure attachments are more commonly seen in infants who have difficult or resistant temperaments.

Question 10

The capacity to reproduce is attained during pubescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capacity to reproduce is attained during...

Question 11

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis during the retirement years involves the tendency to dwell on the mistakes of the past which could lead to the development of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis...

Question 12

Stefan tends to be a happy child and has a regular schedule for sleeping and eating.His mother reports that he is adaptable and not readily upset.According to Thomas and Chess, Stefan's attachment style would be classified as "easy".

Accepted Answer

According to Thomas and Chess, "easy" babies tend to be adaptable, have regular schedules for sleeping and eating, and are generally happy and not easily upset, which aligns with the characteristics described for Stefan.

Question 13

Piaget called the tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem while neglecting other aspects ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget called the tendency to focus on...

Question 14

According to Erikson's theory of development, a sense of ____________________ develops in an infant whose basic biological and emotional needs are adequately met.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson's theory of development, a...

Question 15

Erikson's period of industry versus inferiority corresponds to the early school years.

Accepted Answer

The period of industry versus inferiority in Erikson's psychosocial theory corresponds to the early school years, typically 6-11 years old, when children are developing a sense of competence and mastery in social and academic areas.

Question 16

Cross-cultural studies of infant attachment suggest that attachment is universal, and that attachment patterns are not influenced by a culture's child-rearing practices.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies have actually shown that there are cultural differences in child-rearing practices and in the prevalence of certain patterns of attachment. For example, some cultures may emphasize independence and self-reliance over closeness and dependence, leading to differences in attachment patterns. However, the concept of attachment itself is still considered universal across cultures.

Question 17

The development of motor behaviour in infants follows a cephalocaudal trend, or head-to-foot direction.

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal trend means that development occurs in a head-to-foot direction, with skills developing in the head and neck area before progressing down to the legs and feet.

Question 18

The fact that babies can hold their head up before they can first sit up is an example of the ____________________ trend in motor development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that babies can hold their...

Question 19

Kenny is happy to play quietly alongside his mother, becomes visibly upset when she leaves but is quickly calmed by her return.According to Mary Ainsworth, Kenny is a(n) ____________________ attached infant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kenny is happy to play quietly alongside...

Question 20

The suggestion that the ____________________ cortex, characterised as the "executive control centre" of the brain, appears to be the last area of the brain to fully mature has been used as a possible explanation for why ____________________ behaviour peaks during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The suggestion that the ____________________ cortex, characterised...

Quiz 11: Human Development