Question 1

Milo's doctors believe he might have schizophrenia, but before they make their final diagnosis they want to study detailed, three-dimensional images of Milo's brain structures.The technique the doctors are most likely to use in this case would be

Accepted Answer

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is the most likely technique to be used to study detailed, three-dimensional images of Milo's brain structures. MRI scans can provide detailed images of brain anatomy and can help doctors identify structural abnormalities or differences in brain structure that may indicate an underlying neurological condition or disorder, such as schizophrenia.

Question 2

The central nervous system consists of

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Option A refers to the peripheral nervous system, option C refers to the division of the peripheral nervous system, and option D refers to the sub-division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 3

Destroying a piece of brain tissue to observe its effect on behaviour is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Lesioning involves intentionally damaging or destroying brain tissue to observe changes in behavior or cognitive function. ESB (electrical stimulation of the brain) involves applying electrical current to the brain to stimulate neural activity, tumor ligation involves cutting off blood supply to a tumor, and stereotaxic inversion is not a term used in neuroscience.

Question 4

Sigourney's doctors think she might have a tumour, and they would like to use a brain-imaging technique that will provide them with an accurate image of her brain structure.The technique that they are most likely to use would be

Accepted Answer

A computerised tomography (CT) scan is typically used to produce detailed images of brain structure and can often detect abnormalities such as tumors. PET scans are more commonly used to show metabolic activity in the brain, while ESB and EEG are used for different purposes altogether.

Question 5

If brain damage is suspected, a patient may be tested with which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

The electroencephalograph (EEG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the brain. It can help diagnose brain damage or dysfunction by detecting abnormal brain waves. Lesioning and electrode implantation are more invasive procedures and would not typically be used as a first-line diagnostic test. The electrocardiograph (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart and would not be useful in diagnosing brain damage.

Question 6

CT scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated that

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that schizophrenic patients have larger ventricles in their brain compared to non-schizophrenic individuals. This is thought to be due to a loss of brain tissue or neurons, which leads to an increase in the volume of fluid-filled spaces. Other studies have also suggested that there may be abnormalities in the structure and function of other brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenic patients.

Question 7

Which of the following research techniques is LEAST likely to be used to study the human brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following research techniques is...

Question 8

Which of the following techniques is likely to be MOST useful for locating specific neurotransmitter substances in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET) is most useful for locating specific neurotransmitter substances in the brain. PET involves injecting a person with a very small amount of a radioactive substance that binds to the neurotransmitter being studied. As the substance decays, it emits positrons, which collide with electrons in the brain tissue and produce gamma rays. PET scanners can detect these gamma rays and use them to generate images of the brain, showing where the neurotransmitter is concentrated.

Question 9

While the ____ nervous system is associated with conserving bodily resources, the ____ nervous system mobilises the body's resources for emergencies.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with rest and digestion, conserving bodily resources, while the sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body's resources in response to emergencies, stress, or danger.

Question 10

The brain imaging technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain is known as

Accepted Answer

The brain imaging technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain is known as transcranial magnetic stimulation. Computerised tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are imaging techniques that provide information about the brain's structure and function but do not involve temporary enhancement or depression of brain activity.

Question 11

The implantation of electrodes in the brains of animals is accomplished through the use of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The implantation of electrodes in the brains of animals is accomplished through the use of a stereotaxic instrument. This tool allows for precise placement of the electrodes in the brain. Option A, a stereotypical instrument, is not a real term in this context. Option B, a tachistoscope, is a device used to control the timing of visual stimuli. Option C, the electroencephalograph, is a tool used to record brain activity, but not to implant electrodes.

Question 12

The technique in which radioactively tagged chemicals are introduced into the brain and then equipment monitors where the chemicals appear in the brain is

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question is positron emission tomography (PET), where radioactive chemicals are introduced and their movement is tracked by equipment. Computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrographic tomography are all imaging techniques that do not involve the use of radioactive chemicals.

Question 13

The ____ fluid nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it.

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and protection against external forces. It also helps to exchange nutrients and waste products between the blood and the nervous system. Amniotic fluid is found in the uterus during pregnancy to protect and cushion the developing fetus. Parasympathetic and somatic refer to different branches of the nervous system and are not related to the fluid that nourishes and protects the brain.

Question 14

ESB involves

Accepted Answer

ESB stands for electrical stimulation of the brain, which involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate or activate the structure. B is referring to EEG (electroencephalography), C is referring to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and D is referring to lesioning.

Question 15

Paul is wide awake and studying for an upcoming exam.While he is studying his brain activity is being recorded using an electroencephalograph (EEG).The EEG recording is MOST likely to be dominated by

Accepted Answer

When an individual is alert and awake, their brain activity is dominated by low voltage, high frequency brain waves. This is known as the beta wave pattern, which is associated with active concentration, problem solving, and focused mental activity. Therefore, choice B is the most likely answer.

Question 16

The enclosing sheaths that protect the brain and spinal cord are referred to as

Accepted Answer

The enclosing sheaths that protect the brain and spinal cord are called meninges. These three protective layers - the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater - provide cushioning and support for the central nervous system.

Question 17

A neurologist believes that Hillary may have epilepsy.To confirm this diagnosis the neurologist needs to record the overall electrical activity in Hillary's brain.The best way for the neurologist to obtain this information would be to use

Accepted Answer

The best way for the neurologist to record the overall electrical activity in Hillary's brain would be to use an electroencephalograph (EEG). This test measures the electrical activity of the brain using electrodes attached to the scalp, and is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as epilepsy. PET and CT scans are imaging tests that show the structure of the brain, but do not provide information on overall electrical activity. ESB involves the use of electrodes placed directly on the brain, which is an invasive procedure and not typically used for diagnostic purposes.

Question 18

Electrical stimulation of its lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to overeat and become obese.Therefore, we would expect that lesioning the lateral hypothalamus would produce

Accepted Answer

Lesioning the lateral hypothalamus would disrupt its function and result in undereating and weight loss, as the lateral hypothalamus is involved in regulating hunger and food intake. This has been confirmed by studies on animals with lateral hypothalamus lesions.

Question 19

The brain imaging method that uses multiple X-rays to generate a picture of a horizontal slice of the brain is

Accepted Answer

Computerised tomography, also known as a CT scan, uses X-rays to create a detailed image of a horizontal slice of the brain. It is a commonly used brain imaging method in both research and clinical settings. A is incorrect because electroencephalography (EEG) records the electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. C is incorrect because stereotaxic instrumentation is a surgical tool used to precisely target specific structures within the brain. D is incorrect because an EKG records the electrical activity of the heart, not the brain.

Question 20

Taylor has to have brain surgery to remove a tumor from her temporal lobe.As the surgery progresses, the surgeon plans to map out specific brain functions in the areas adjacent to the tumor.The method that the surgeon is MOST likely to use is

Accepted Answer

Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) is commonly used during brain surgery to map out specific brain functions and identify critical areas that need to be avoided during the surgery. This is done by sending small electrical currents through different areas of the brain while the patient is conscious and monitoring their responses to the stimulation. CT and PET scans are imaging techniques used to diagnose medical conditions and may not be effective in mapping out specific brain functions. Stereotaxic lesioning is a surgical technique used to selectively destroy small target areas in the brain and may not be appropriate for mapping out brain functions.

Quiz 3: Biology of Behaviour