Question 1

In a target-absent line-up, it is impossible for an eyewitness to make an identification decision that qualifies as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

In general, jurors ____.

Accepted Answer

Jurors often respond to expert testimony about the unreliability of eyewitness accounts by becoming more skeptical of all eyewitness testimony, even if they don't fully understand the complexities involved.

Question 3

When instructions to individuals viewing the line-up include a warning that the perpetrator may not be in the line-up, there is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Suppose that Mlibo was an eyewitness to a store robbery.She gives the police a description of the criminal: '30-35 year-old male, brown hair, light eyes, about 5'10', with a missing finger on his left hand.' A few weeks later, police track down a suspect.He fits Mlibo's description, and additionally has a lazy eye and a huge tattoo on his neck.If police use the match-to-culprit approach in constructing a line-up for eyewitness identification, then the other people in the line-up ____.

Accepted Answer

The match-to-culprit approach requires that the line-up members share the distinctive features described by the eyewitness, which are brown hair and a missing finger. The tattoo is not part of the original description, so it is not necessary for the line-up members.

Question 5

System variables that influence eyewitness identifications in criminal line-ups are most analogous to ____ that influence participant behaviour in social psychological experiments.

Accepted Answer

System variables in line-ups, like instructions given to witnesses, are similar to demand characteristics in experiments, which are cues that influence participants' behavior.

Question 6

What is an example of a system variable that might lead to inaccuracies in eyewitness identifications in line-ups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of a system...

Question 7

In a properly conducted line-up, wherein eyewitnesses are asked to identify criminals who they saw commit a crime, the other people in the line-up are people who ____.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a line-up is to identify the perpetrator of a crime. Allowing actual suspects to participate in the line-up could bias the identification process and potentially lead to wrongful convictions. Therefore, the individuals in the line-up should be known to be innocent of the crime being investigated.

Question 8

Line-up members other than the suspect who are known to be innocent of the crime are called ____.

Accepted Answer

Fillers are used in a line-up to distract the witness from the suspect and ensure that the lineup is fair. Fillers are individuals who have a similar appearance to the suspect but are known to be innocent of the crime. Foils are also used in lineups, but they are individuals who are suspected of the crime but are placed in the lineup to make sure that the witness is not just selecting the suspect because they appear guilty. False flags and validators are not terms typically used in reference to line-up procedures.

Question 9

When criminal psychologists distinguish between system variables and estimator variables as two sources of inaccuracy in eyewitness reports and identifications, they are distinguishing between variables ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When criminal psychologists distinguish between system variables...

Question 10

According to the text, when police use line-up procedures to obtain identifications of criminals from eyewitnesses, which is better, the match-to-suspect approach or the match-to-culprit approach?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the match-to-culprit approach is better because it is less likely to lead suspects and is more accurate. The match-to-suspect approach can lead to false identifications and can also 'burn' eyewitnesses, making them less likely to identify the true culprit in the future.

Question 11

Research on estimator variables has found that _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on estimator variables has found that...

Question 12

Danitha says she was terrified when she was assaulted and is not sure she can identify who did it, especially since her glasses were knocked off early during the assault.She views a line-up in which the 'true' perpetrator is known to be present.Danitha, however, cannot pick the individual out of the line-up, resulting in a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

An incorrect rejection occurs when the witness fails to identify the perpetrator even though they are present in the line-up. In this scenario, Danitha cannot pick out the individual, which means she has made an incorrect rejection. A correct identification would require her to correctly identify the perpetrator, and a false identification would mean she incorrectly identified someone as the perpetrator when they were not actually the culprit. A correct rejection would occur if Danitha correctly states that the perpetrator is not among the individuals in the line-up.

Question 13

Own-race bias refers to the observation that ____.

Accepted Answer

Own-race bias refers to the fact that people are more likely to accurately recognize and identify members of their own race than members of other races. This can impact eyewitness testimony and other areas where accurate identification is important.

Question 14

When it comes to eyewitness identifications in police line-ups, sequential line-ups are generally preferred to simultaneous line-ups - especially when witnesses ____.

Accepted Answer

Sequential line-ups involve presenting potential suspects to the witness one at a time, whereas simultaneous line-ups involve presenting them all at once. When witnesses are not informed of the number of people in the line-up beforehand, they may feel pressured to make a choice from the group of people presented, even if the actual perpetrator is not among them. In a sequential line-up, witnesses are less likely to be influenced by the presence of other people and can make a more accurate identification.

Question 15

In the ____ line-up procedure, witnesses view each line-up member in turn, making a decision about whether that line-up member is the culprit before viewing the next member of the line-up.

Accepted Answer

This is referring to sequential line-up procedure where witnesses view each line-up member in turn, making a decision about whether that line-up member is the culprit before viewing the next member of the line-up. This is in contrast to simultaneous line-up procedure where all members of the line-up are viewed at the same time.

Question 16

Suppose that Mlibo was an eyewitness to a store robbery.She gives the police a description of the criminal: '30-35 year-old male, brown hair, light eyes, about 5'10', with a missing finger on his left hand.' A few weeks later, police track down a suspect.He fits Mlibo's description, and additionally has a lazy eye and a huge tattoo on his neck.If police use the match-to-suspect approach in constructing a line-up for eyewitness identification, then the foils in the line-up ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that Mlibo was an eyewitness to...

Question 17

Rulani is suspected of committing a robbery and appears in a line-up in which the shopkeeper claims that he is the robber.As it turns out, Rulani simply looks remarkably like the person who committed the crime, but did not, himself, commit the crime.Rulani has been a victim of ____.

Accepted Answer

Rulani has been falsely identified as the robber, making him a victim of false identification.

Question 18

In general, which of the following BEST summarises how convincing eyewitness testimony is to jurors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, which of the following BEST...

Quiz 18: Applying social psychology to the law