Question 1

Erikson's period of industry versus inferiority corresponds to the early school years.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's period of industry versus inferiority corresponds to the early school years, typically between ages 6 and 12. During this stage, children are focused on developing a sense of competence and mastery in their skills and abilities, and may feel inferior or inadequate if they perceive themselves as failing to meet societal expectations or personal goals.

Question 2

Cross cultural research shows that separation anxiety emerges and peaks at similar ages world-wide, but that cultural variations in child rearing affects the patterns of attachment seen in a society.

Accepted Answer

Cross cultural research has shown that separation anxiety does emerge and peak at similar ages across cultures. However, cultural variations in child rearing practices can affect the patterns of attachment that are observed in different societies. For example, some cultures emphasize more independent behavior in children, while others value more interdependence and connection. This can influence how children and parents experience and express attachment behaviors.

Question 3

Piaget called the tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem while neglecting other aspects ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget called the tendency to focus on...

Question 4

The development of motor behaviour in infants follows a cephalocaudal trend, or head-to-foot direction.

Accepted Answer

The development of motor behaviour in infants typically follows the cephalocaudal trend, in which development progresses from the head down to the feet.

Question 5

Stefan tends to be a happy child and has a regular schedule for sleeping and eating. His mother reports that he is adaptable and not readily upset. According to Thomas and Chess, Stefan's attachment style would be classified as "easy".

Accepted Answer

This description of Stefan's personality and behavior matches the characteristics of a child with an "easy" attachment style according to Thomas and Chess.

Question 6

Cross-cultural studies of infant attachment suggest that attachment is universal, and that attachment patterns are not influenced by a culture's child-rearing practices.

Accepted Answer

While infant attachment is universal, studies have found that cultural differences in child-rearing practices can influence attachment patterns. For example, some cultures may emphasize independence and discourage frequent physical contact with infants, which can affect attachment styles.

Question 7

Kenny is happy to play quietly alongside his mother, becomes visibly upset when she leaves but is quickly calmed by her return. According to Mary Ainsworth, Kenny is a(n) ____________________ attached infant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kenny is happy to play quietly alongside...

Question 8

Research suggests that maternal emotions can affect prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that maternal stress, anxiety, and depression can have negative effects on the developing fetus, including increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and behavioral and cognitive problems later in life.

Question 9

The evidence suggests that insecure attachments (ambivalent or avoidant) occur most often in infants who have a slow-to-warm-up temperamental profile.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. Insecure attachments can occur in infants with any temperamental profile, not just slow-to-warm-up profiles.

Question 10

During the second phase of prenatal development most of the vital organs and body systems begin to form in the developing foetus.

Accepted Answer

During the second phase of prenatal development, which is the embryonic period (weeks 3-8), most of the vital organs and body systems begin to form in the developing embryo.

Question 11

The capacity to reproduce is attained during pubescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capacity to reproduce is attained during...

Question 12

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been found to be associated with conduct problems in children.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked with an increased risk of conduct problems in children, as well as other adverse outcomes such as lower birth weight and cognitive deficits.

Question 13

According to Erikson's theory of development, a sense of ____________________ develops in an infant whose basic biological and emotional needs are adequately met.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson's theory of development, a...

Question 14

The ____________________ stage of prenatal development refers to the first two weeks after conception.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ stage of prenatal development refers...

Question 15

____________________ refers the acquisition of the norms and behaviours expected of people in a particular society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers the acquisition of the norms...

Question 16

The suggestion that the ____________________ cortex, characterised as the "executive control centre" of the brain, appears to be the last area of the brain to fully mature has been used as a possible explanation for why ____________________ behaviour peaks during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The suggestion that the ____________________ cortex, characterised...

Question 17

According to ____________________, infants are biologically programmed to emit behaviour that triggers and affectionate, protective response from adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to ____________________, infants are biologically programmed...

Question 18

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis during the retirement years involves the tendency to dwell on the mistakes of the past which could lead to the development of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial crisis...

Question 19

The fact that babies can hold their head up before they can first sit up is an example of the ____________________ trend in motor development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that babies can hold their...

Question 20

Drastic mental declines is not part of the normal aging process; however fifteen to twenty per cent of adults over age 75 will show some form of a cognitive deficit known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drastic mental declines is not part of...

Quiz 11: Human Development