Question 1

During walking, what position of the subtalar joint allows the foot to adapt to various terrains?

Accepted Answer

Pronation of the subtalar joint allows the foot to adapt to various terrains by enabling it to absorb shock and conform to uneven surfaces. This position increases the foot's mobility and flexibility, making it easier to walk on diverse terrains.

Question 2

Which of the following spatial parameters measures stride width?

Accepted Answer

Stride width is defined as the lateral distance between the centers of the heels of two consecutive heel strikes.

Question 3

Which of the following statements BEST describes double limb support phase of gait?

Accepted Answer

Double limb support phase increases when walking speed decreases below normal, as more time is spent with both feet on the ground for stability and balance.

Question 4

Which of the following factors DOES NOT influence gait speed?

Accepted Answer

Strength, balance, and age are all factors that can influence gait speed. However, gender has not been found to have a significant impact on gait speed.

Question 5

-Weakness in which of the following muscles is MOST LIKELY to contribute to the atypical gait pattern shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Weakness in the tibialis anterior muscle can lead to a foot drop, causing an atypical gait pattern known as steppage gait, where the individual lifts the knee higher to prevent the toes from dragging.

Question 6

Which of the following factors is associated with an increase in lateral displacement of the center of mass during walking?

Accepted Answer

An increased base of support is associated with an increase in lateral displacement of the center of mass during walking. This is because a wider base of support often leads to greater side-to-side movement to maintain balance.

Question 7

Which of the following statements BEST describes the gait cycle during normal walking?

Accepted Answer

During normal walking, 60% of the gait cycle is spent in stance phase, while 40% is spent in swing phase. This means that the foot is in contact with the ground for the majority of the cycle, with only a minority of time spent in swing phase where the foot is off the ground.

Question 8

What is the function of the quadriceps muscles at initial contact during walking?

Accepted Answer

The quadriceps muscles function eccentrically to control knee flexing during the initial contact phase of walking. This action helps to stabilize the knee and absorb shock as the foot strikes the ground.

Question 9

Which of the following spatial parameters measures stride length?

Accepted Answer

Stride length is measured as the distance between the contact point of one heel and the subsequent contact of the same foot.

Question 10

At what point in the gait cycle is the body weight directly over the supporting limb?

Accepted Answer

The point in the gait cycle where the body weight is directly over the supporting limb is called midstance. This occurs when the foot is flat on the ground and the body is directly on top of the supporting leg.

Question 11

What is the position of the single leg stance right hip in the frontal plane as the left lower extremity swings forward during walking?

Accepted Answer

During walking, when the left lower extremity swings forward, the right hip (in the stance phase) experiences adduction in the frontal plane. This is because the body's weight is shifted onto the right leg, causing the pelvis to lower on the left side (the swing side), which is perceived as adduction of the stance leg's hip.

Question 12

Which of the following spatial parameters measures step length?

Accepted Answer

Step length is defined as the distance between the point of initial contact of one foot and the point of initial contact of the opposite foot. This measurement is crucial in gait analysis, reflecting the stride characteristics of an individual.

Question 13

What is the position of the single leg stance right hip in the horizontal plane as the left lower extremity swings forward during walking?

Accepted Answer

During the swing phase of walking, the left lower extremity swings forward while the body weight is supported by the right lower extremity in a single leg stance. In order to maintain balance, the right hip undergoes a backward rotation in the horizontal plane, which allows the center of gravity to remain over the supporting leg. Therefore, the correct answer is backward rotation (C).

Question 14

During which of the following events during stance phase does heel strike occur ?

Accepted Answer

Heel strike occurs at the very beginning of stance phase, which is also known as initial contact.

Question 15

Which of the following temporal descriptors measures stride time during the gait cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stride time measures the time it takes to complete one full gait cycle, which includes a step with the right foot and a step with the left foot.

Question 16

What is the function of tibialis anterior at initial contact when the heel strikes the ground first during walking?

Accepted Answer

The tibialis anterior muscle functions eccentrically to control the lowering of the foot towards the ground after the heel strikes first during walking. This action prevents the foot from slapping down too quickly.

Question 17

Which of the following temporal descriptors measures step time during the gait cycle?

Accepted Answer

Step time is defined as the time taken to complete one right or left step during the gait cycle. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A measures walking speed, option C measures gait cycle time, and option D measures step frequency.

Question 18

-Weakness in which of the following muscles is MOST LIKELY to produce the atypical gait shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Weakness in the right hip abductors can lead to a Trendelenburg gait, where the pelvis drops on the opposite side (left side) during the stance phase on the affected side (right side).

Question 19

What is the function of the gastrocnemius and soleus during the stance phase of gait?

Accepted Answer

During the stance phase of gait, the gastrocnemius and soleus eccentrically control the forward movement of the tibia and fibula over the ankle to stabilize the leg and control the rate of forward motion.

Question 20

Which of the following temporal descriptors measures cadence during the gait cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cadence is defined as the number of steps completed in a minute, which directly measures the pace or speed of walking by counting the steps.

Quiz 14: The Kinesiology of Gait