Question 1

Humans are different from animals because

Accepted Answer

Humans are not fundamentally different from animals based on the options given. A) Humans are indeed members of the kingdom of mammals, which includes many other animals. B) While humans have developed sophisticated tools and methods for survival, many animals also have complex behaviors and adaptations for survival. C) Both humans and animals interact with and adapt to their environments, so being "locked into" an environment is not unique to humans. Therefore, D) none of the above is the correct choice, as the other options do not accurately capture a distinction between humans and other animals.

Question 2

Religion is different from ethical formalism and utilitarianism because it clearly prescribes the idea that behaving in an ethical manner is central to one's humanity, that morality defines our humanity so that if we lose our morality we cease being fully human.

Accepted Answer

Religion, ethical formalism, and utilitarianism all provide frameworks for understanding morality and ethical behavior, but they do so from different perspectives. Religion often ties morality to divine command or spiritual principles, ethical formalism focuses on the inherent structure of moral laws or duties, and utilitarianism emphasizes the outcomes or consequences of actions for the greatest happiness. The idea that morality defines our humanity is a philosophical position that can be found in various ethical theories, not exclusively in religion.

Question 3

The most common form of sanction used for abuse of social norms is

Accepted Answer

Social ostracism is the most common form of sanction used for abuse of social norms because it involves exclusion from a society or group, which can happen informally and without the need for legal or official actions.

Question 4

Generally speaking, the duty of the police is comprised of three distinct functions. Which is not one of these functions?

Accepted Answer

While educating the public about the law is a valuable task that police officers may engage in, it is not considered one of the three primary functions of the police. The three primary functions are: service, which includes responding to calls for assistance and providing aid to those in need; order maintenance, which involves keeping the peace and upholding social norms; and law enforcement, which entails investigating crimes and apprehending suspects.

Question 5

Frequent technological change, in combination with the morphing of the social fabric into a new and different reality every few years, creates anomic feelings of epidemic proportions because people can naturally react this way to instability.

Accepted Answer

Frequent technological change and social changes can lead to a sense of instability and disconnection, which can contribute to feelings of anomy.

Question 6

Ethics includes the concept that all people should be concerned with

Accepted Answer

Ethics includes values, norms of conduct, ethics, morals, and character. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect as it includes a misspelling of the word "values" as "valuables." Option C is incorrect as it includes a misspelling of the word "normal" as "normal conduct." Option D is incorrect as it includes the word "conductors" instead of "norms of conduct."

Question 7

Animals are locked into the immediacy of the present physical environment where sensory input is their only source of information.

Accepted Answer

Animals do not have the capacity for abstract thought and are limited by their sensory input in perceiving and interacting with their environment. They do not have the ability to contemplate past or future events in the way that humans do.

Question 8

Nature-that is, biological evolution-has fitted human beings to a specific environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nature-that is, biological evolution-has fitted human beings...

Question 9

Police officers are rarely confronted with ethical questions and ethical dilemmas in their professional lives.

Accepted Answer

Police officers often face ethical questions and dilemmas related to use of force, impartiality, loyalty, confidentiality, and more. These situations require careful consideration and application of ethical principles to guide their actions.

Question 10

Human codes of conduct

Accepted Answer

Human codes of conduct seek to control our animalistic or hedonistic impulses, meaning they aim to regulate our behavior and impulses that are natural to us as animals or based on pleasure-seeking. These codes often emphasize values such as respect, justice, and responsibility in order to create a more orderly and ethical society.

Question 11

Historically, two inventions separated humans from animals:

Accepted Answer

While the ability to procreate and adapt may be distinguishing characteristics of living organisms, it does not separate humans from animals specifically. Walking and swimming are physical abilities that some animals possess as well. However, the invention of tools and society are unique to humans and have allowed for significant advancements and developments in human civilization. Music, while important culturally, is not necessarily a defining aspect of what separates humans from animals.

Question 12

____________ are locked into the immediacy of the present physical environment where sensory input is their only source of information.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to living beings that are restricted to their immediate physical environment and rely solely on sensory stimuli for information. While humans and primates have advanced cognitive abilities and can gather information beyond their present environment, animals and fish have limited cognitive abilities and are therefore better suited to the statement. Among these choices, animals are the most generic term and can refer to a wide range of non-human organisms, while fish are a specific type of aquatic animal. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 13

Ethical formalism is not absolute, rationalization is permitted.

Accepted Answer

Ethical formalism, as proposed by Immanuel Kant, is based on absolute principles that do not allow for exceptions or rationalization. It emphasizes duty and the categorical imperative, which dictates actions regardless of consequences or personal interests.

Question 14

_________ is unique to human beings, outside the range of anything an animal can do.

Accepted Answer

While some animals have the ability to communicate through sounds, gestures or even language-like systems, human language is unique in its complexity, flexibility and ability to convey abstract ideas and concepts.

Question 15

In addition to the individual, who has responsibility for making people good?

Accepted Answer

Making people "good" is a multifaceted process that involves a combination of factors, including the individual, their family, their community, and potentially their religious beliefs. While individuals can certainly take responsibility for their own actions and personal growth, it is also necessary for their surroundings and environment to support and encourage positive behavior. Therefore, all of the above options are important in making people good.

Question 16

Generally speaking, the duty of the police is comprised of three distinct functions: service, disorder maintenance, and law enforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generally speaking, the duty of the police...

Question 17

All rules of behavior are written down and made into laws.

Accepted Answer

Not all rules of behavior are written down and made into laws. Some are cultural norms or personal beliefs.

Question 18

A person's conduct is the product of what he or she understands.

Accepted Answer

A person's actions are influenced by their understanding and beliefs about the situation or circumstances surrounding them. Therefore, their conduct is a reflection of their personal interpretation and perception of the world.

Question 19

Language is unique to human beings, outside the range of anything an animal can do.

Accepted Answer

While some animals have the ability to communicate with each other, human language is much more complex and diverse, with the ability to convey abstract concepts and ideas.

Question 20

Victimless crimes include all except

Accepted Answer

Burglary is not considered a victimless crime, as it involves the unlawful entry or breaking into someone's private property with the intent to steal or commit other crimes. The other choices listed, such as prostitution, drug use, and gambling, are generally considered victimless crimes as they involve consenting adults engaging in activities that do not harm others directly. However, it is important to note that some of these activities may still have indirect or societal impacts, and laws regulating them vary by jurisdiction.

Quiz 4: Why Be Ethical