Question 1

What was George Albee's critique of the scientist-practitioner model of clinical training?

Accepted Answer

George Albee criticized the scientist-practitioner model of clinical training, arguing that it was too heavily influenced by the medical model of mental illness, which focused on symptom reduction rather than addressing the social and environmental factors that contribute to psychological distress. He believed that clinical psychology should shift its focus towards preventative measures and community-based interventions.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of Shakow's effort to study psychoanalytic therapy objectively?

Accepted Answer

Shakow's effort did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of psychoanalysis as a treatment for depression. The study focused on the objective analysis of psychoanalytic therapy sessions, rather than evaluating its overall effectiveness as a treatment.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a criticism that was made of the scientist-practitioner model of clinical training

Accepted Answer

The scientist-practitioner model was criticized for not providing enough practical training in psychotherapy, but not specifically for lacking education about prescription pharmaceuticals, as prescribing is typically outside the scope of practice for clinical psychologists.

Question 4

What is the medical model of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The medical model of mental illness is focused on individual diagnosis and treatment, similar to diagnosis and treatment of physical illnesses. It involves identifying symptoms, making a diagnosis, and prescribing treatment.

Question 5

What is the projective hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The projective hypothesis refers to the belief that patients' responses to ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or vague images, reveal their unconscious conflicts and motivations. This idea is often associated with the use of projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 6

The research Shakow undertook to objectively analyze psychoanalytic psychotherapy became known as what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The research Shakow undertook to objectively analyze...

Question 7

What did Witmer's "clinical method" consist of?

Accepted Answer

Witmer's "clinical method" involved a medical exam and psychological testing of children with educational problems, resulting in a detailed plan to address the child's challenges. This approach is considered to be the foundation of modern clinical psychology and led to the development of individualized education plans (IEPs).

Question 8

Which two psychologists recorded psychotherapy sessions as part of their research?

Accepted Answer

Shakow and Rogers both recorded psychotherapy sessions as part of their research.

Question 9

Out of what did the "scientist-practitioner model" of training in clinical psychology emerge?

Accepted Answer

The scientist-practitioner model of training in clinical psychology emerged from the Boulder conference in 1949. At this conference, a group of psychologists met to discuss the training and education of clinical psychologists, and they developed the idea of the scientist-practitioner model, which emphasizes the integration of scientific research and clinical practice. This model has become the dominant approach to training clinical psychologists in the United States.

Question 10

What were the three primary functions of clinical psychologists identified at the Boulder conference?

Accepted Answer

The Boulder conference, held in 1949, identified the three primary functions of clinical psychologists as diagnosis, research, and therapy, establishing the scientist-practitioner model.

Question 11

What did Shakow's understanding of diagnosis emphasize?

Accepted Answer

Shakow's understanding of diagnosis emphasized the identification of the nature and origins of a condition, including underlying psychological dynamics and potential outcomes.

Question 12

What is community psychology?

Accepted Answer

Community psychology focuses on understanding the social and environmental factors that impact mental health and illness in communities. It examines how individuals, families, and groups interact with their environment and how this affects their psychological wellbeing. This field also emphasizes the importance of community participation and collaboration in promoting mental health and preventing mental illness.

Question 13

"The Psychological Clinic" refers to

Accepted Answer

"The Psychological Clinic" was the name of the space in which Lightner Witmer assessed children with educational problems.

Question 14

Molly Harrower observed that responses to the Rorschach Projective Technique could be used to detect the presence of brain tumors.Individuals with tumors

Accepted Answer

Individuals with brain tumors tend to have a more limited range of determinants in their Rorschach responses. This could be due to the cognitive effects of the tumor on their ability to generate a variety of thoughts and associations.

Question 15

What was the Macy conference?

Accepted Answer

The Macy conference was a meeting of professionals from different fields, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the functions and appropriate training of clinical psychologists. The conference led to advancements in the field of clinical psychology, including the development of the scientist-practitioner model.

Question 16

During the Boulder conference one participant remarked that __________ was an "undefined technique applied to unspecified problems,with unpredictable outcomes.For this technique we recommend rigorous training."

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the Boulder conference one participant remarked...

Question 17

According to Shakow,what aspect of the clinical psychologists' functions would set them apart from other mental health professionals?

Accepted Answer

Shakow emphasized the importance of research as a distinguishing function of clinical psychologists, setting them apart from other mental health professionals.

Question 18

In large part,the formal organization of clinical psychology shortly after World War II occurred for what reason?

Accepted Answer

The need for mental health services and trained professionals became a national priority because of the increase in psychiatric casualties after WWII. The war had emphasized the importance of effective mental health treatment, which led to the development of clinical psychology as a formal field.

Question 19

Molly Harrower recommended all of the following in order for psychologists to become "properly clinical" EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Molly Harrower did not recommend extensive training in projective techniques and psychoanalytic theory as a necessity for psychologists to become "properly clinical."

Question 20

What did Hans Eysenck's review of nineteen published studies of the outcomes of psychotherapy reveal?

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck's review suggested that there was an inverse relationship between psychotherapy and recovery, implying that more therapy was associated with less recovery. This controversial conclusion sparked significant debate and further research into the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Quiz 17: The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology