Question 1

​What is positive psychology as proposed by Seligman? In what ways is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology, as proposed by Martin Seligman, is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of positive emotions, strengths, and virtues, with the goal of promoting well-being and happiness. Seligman and his colleagues believe that traditional psychology has focused too much on treating mental illness and dysfunction, and not enough on understanding and promoting mental wellness and flourishing.

One of the key similarities between positive psychology and humanistic psychology is their shared focus on the positive aspects of human experience. Both approaches emphasize the importance of personal growth, self-actualization, and the pursuit of happiness. They also both emphasize the importance of individual agency and the potential for personal transformation.

However, there are also some important differences between positive psychology and humanistic psychology. One of the main differences is their theoretical foundations. Humanistic psychology is based on the belief in the inherent goodness and potential for growth in all individuals, while positive psychology is more focused on the empirical study of positive emotions and traits. Additionally, humanistic psychology places a strong emphasis on the role of subjective experience and the importance of the individual's unique perspective, while positive psychology tends to focus more on universal traits and virtues.

In summary, while positive psychology and humanistic psychology share a common focus on the positive aspects of human experience, they differ in their theoretical foundations and emphasis on individual experience versus universal traits. Both approaches, however, offer valuable insights into the promotion of well-being and the cultivation of a fulfilling life.

Question 2

Describe the similarities and differences between the concepts of self-actualization as developed by Maslow and Rogers.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is a concept that was developed by both Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, two influential psychologists in the field of humanistic psychology. While both Maslow and Rogers focused on the idea of self-actualization, their approaches and perspectives on the concept differed in several key ways.

Similarities:
1. Both Maslow and Rogers believed that self-actualization is the ultimate goal of human development. They both saw it as the highest level of psychological growth and fulfillment.

2. They both emphasized the importance of personal growth, self-awareness, and self-improvement in the process of self-actualization.

3. Both Maslow and Rogers believed that self-actualized individuals are characterized by a strong sense of autonomy, creativity, and a deep understanding of themselves and others.

Differences:
1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow's theory of self-actualization is based on his hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals must first satisfy their basic physiological and safety needs before they can pursue higher-level needs such as self-actualization. In contrast, Rogers did not propose a hierarchical structure for self-actualization and believed that individuals have an innate drive towards personal growth and fulfillment.

2. Self-Concept: Rogers placed a strong emphasis on the concept of self-concept, which refers to an individual's perception of themselves and their abilities. He believed that self-actualization occurs when an individual's self-concept is congruent with their experiences and actions. Maslow, on the other hand, focused more on the holistic development of the individual and the realization of their full potential.

3. Client-Centered Therapy: Rogers developed client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the importance of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness in the therapeutic relationship. This approach is based on the belief that individuals have the capacity for self-actualization and personal growth. Maslow, on the other hand, did not develop a specific therapeutic approach but his concept of self-actualization has been influential in humanistic and existential therapies.

In conclusion, while both Maslow and Rogers shared a common interest in the concept of self-actualization, their approaches and perspectives on the concept differed in terms of their theoretical frameworks and practical applications. Despite these differences, their work has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continues to influence our understanding of human potential and personal growth.

Question 3

The personal experience of a theorist can impact his or her choice of central personality concepts.A central concept for Adler was inferiority feelings while Horney concentrated on basic anxiety.Define and describe each concept and discuss possible links between it and the life circumstances and experiences of the theorist who proposed it.​

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler's central concept of inferiority feelings refers to the belief that individuals are motivated by a desire to overcome feelings of inadequacy and inferiority. This concept is rooted in Adler's own experiences of childhood illness and physical limitations, which led him to develop a strong desire to prove himself and overcome his own feelings of inferiority. His personal experiences likely influenced his focus on the importance of striving for superiority and the impact of early childhood experiences on personality development.

Karen Horney's central concept of basic anxiety refers to the pervasive sense of helplessness and insecurity that individuals may experience as a result of early experiences of neglect, rejection, or hostility. Horney's own childhood experiences of feeling unloved and neglected by her parents likely influenced her focus on the impact of early relationships and the development of coping mechanisms to deal with feelings of anxiety. Her personal experiences may have led her to emphasize the importance of understanding and addressing the underlying causes of anxiety in personality development.

The possible links between these concepts and the life circumstances and experiences of the theorists who proposed them highlight the impact of personal experiences on the development of psychological theories. Both Adler and Horney's concepts reflect their own struggles and experiences, and their theories emphasize the importance of understanding the impact of early experiences on personality development. By drawing on their own experiences, they were able to develop concepts that have had a lasting impact on the field of psychology.

Question 4

What role did Anna Freud play within the psychoanalytic movement? Describe her relationship with her father and the ways in which she expanded his system.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of What role did Anna Freud play within...

Question 5

​Which branch of psychoanalysis did Anna Freud found?
A)​orthodox psychoanalysis
B)ego psychology
C)​object relations analysis
D)analytical psychology
E)individual psychology​

Accepted Answer

Anna Freud is known for her contributions to ego psychology, particularly in the areas of child development and child analysis. She founded the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in London, where she developed her ideas and techniques for working with children's egos.

Question 6

Identify and discuss at least three of the disagreements that Horney had with Freud.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and discuss at least three of...

Question 7

​The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.
A)​expanded and elaborated on Freud's system
B)developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime
C)​identified themselves as Freudians
D)were centrally concerned with ego development or object relations
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Accepted Answer

The dissenters developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime.

Question 8

​Play therapy,a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children,was introduced by ____.
A)​Melanie Klein
B)Anna Freud
C)​Karen Horney
D)Helene Deutsch
E)Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

Play therapy was introduced by Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, in the 1940s. She used this technique as a way for children to express themselves and work through psychological issues using their natural form of communication, play.

Question 9

​Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis ____.
A)​was called conservative psychoanalysis
B)was called reformed psychoanalysis
C)​was to focus on the middle age crisis
D)was to clarify the defense mechanisms
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Accepted Answer

Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis was to clarify the defense mechanisms. She expanded on her father's theory of defense mechanisms and categorized them into more specific subtypes. This helped in better understanding the ways in which individuals cope with their emotions and conflicts.

Question 10

How did Sigmund Freud define the term object? What are the general differences in theoretical focus between Freud and the object relations theorists? Briefly describe the mother-child bond from the viewpoints of (a)Melanie Klein and (b)Heinz Kohut.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Sigmund Freud define the term...

Question 11

​Identify and discuss at least three basic differences between Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Identify and discuss at least three basic...

Question 12

The ego psychologists amended Freud's original position by emphasizing that the ____.​
A)​ego is derived from the id
B)ego is servant to the superego
C)​id is servant to the ego
D)ego can carry out some functions independently of the id
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Accepted Answer

Ego psychologists emphasized that the ego can carry out some functions independently of the id, indicating that the ego has some autonomy and control over behavior. This is different from Freud's original position, which suggested that the ego simply mediates between the demands of the id and the constraints of the external world.

Question 13

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____.​
A)​on the id
B)on the mechanisms of motivation
C)​on child analysis
D)realized only after her father's death and her self-analysis
E)the founding of a clinic for training psychology teachers

Accepted Answer

Anna Freud's pioneering work was on child analysis, specifically on the psychological development of children and the way they cope with traumatic experiences. She trained in psychoanalysis under her father, Sigmund Freud, and went on to establish the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic, which specialized in the treatment of children with emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 14

Identify and discuss three changes that the neo-Freudians introduced within psychoanalysis.How did the neo-Freudians differ from the dissenters?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and discuss three changes that the...

Question 15

Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions of the unconscious mind.Within Jungian theory,define/describe collective unconscious,archetypes,and the relationship between the two.Name at least four of the archetypes discussed by Schultz and Schultz;describe two of them in detail.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions...

Question 16

​Just as with Wundt's experimental psychology,within ____ years of its founding,Freud's system was splintering.
A)​2
B)10
C)​20
D)30
E)50

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theories and techniques began to diverge significantly among his followers within 20 years of the founding of psychoanalysis. This resulted in the development of different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, object relations theory, and self psychology.

Question 17

Describe at least three of the fundamental differences between Adler's individual psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe at least three of the fundamental...

Question 18

​Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on humanistic psychology.What is its current status in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on...

Question 19

Which of the following psychotheorists is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?​
A)​Adler
B)Jung
C)​Anna Freud
D)Horney
E)None of the choices are correct;they are all considered neo-Freudian.​

Accepted Answer

All the listed individuals, Adler, Jung, Anna Freud, and Horney, are considered neo-Freudians. They built upon Freud's theories, while also introducing their own concepts and diverging from some of Freud's ideas.

Question 20

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of ____ while de-emphasizing the role of ____.​
A)​parents;biological forces
B)conscious forces;unconscious forces
C)​conscious forces;social forces
D)social forces;biological forces
E)the superego;the id​

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of...

Quiz 14: Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

What is positive psychology as proposed by Seligman? In what ways is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology?

Describe the similarities and differences between the concepts of self-actualization as developed by Maslow and Rogers.

What role did Anna Freud play within the psychoanalytic movement? Describe her relationship with her father and the ways in which she expanded his system.

Which branch of psychoanalysis did Anna Freud found?

Identify and discuss at least three of the disagreements that Horney had with Freud.

The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.

Play therapy,a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children,was introduced by ____.

Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis ____.

How did Sigmund Freud define the term object? What are the general differences in theoretical focus between Freud and the object relations theorists? Briefly describe the mother-child bond from the viewpoints of (a)Melanie Klein and (b)Heinz Kohut.

Identify and discuss at least three basic differences between Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

The ego psychologists amended Freud's original position by emphasizing that the ____.

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____.

Identify and discuss three changes that the neo-Freudians introduced within psychoanalysis.How did the neo-Freudians differ from the dissenters?

Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions of the unconscious mind.Within Jungian theory,define/describe collective unconscious,archetypes,and the relationship between the two.Name at least four of the archetypes discussed by Schultz and Schultz;describe two of them in detail.

Just as with Wundt's experimental psychology,within ____ years of its founding,Freud's system was splintering.

Describe at least three of the fundamental differences between Adler's individual psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on humanistic psychology.What is its current status in psychology?

Which of the following psychotheorists is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of while de-emphasizing the role of .

Quiz 14: Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

​What is positive psychology as proposed by Seligman? In what ways is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology?

Describe the similarities and differences between the concepts of self-actualization as developed by Maslow and Rogers.

What role did Anna Freud play within the psychoanalytic movement? Describe her relationship with her father and the ways in which she expanded his system.​

​Which branch of psychoanalysis did Anna Freud found?

Identify and discuss at least three of the disagreements that Horney had with Freud.​

​The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.

​Play therapy,a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children,was introduced by ____.

​Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis ____.

How did Sigmund Freud define the term object? What are the general differences in theoretical focus between Freud and the object relations theorists? Briefly describe the mother-child bond from the viewpoints of (a)Melanie Klein and (b)Heinz Kohut.

​Identify and discuss at least three basic differences between Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

The ego psychologists amended Freud's original position by emphasizing that the ____.​

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____.​

Identify and discuss three changes that the neo-Freudians introduced within psychoanalysis.How did the neo-Freudians differ from the dissenters?​

Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions of the unconscious mind.Within Jungian theory,define/describe collective unconscious,archetypes,and the relationship between the two.Name at least four of the archetypes discussed by Schultz and Schultz;describe two of them in detail.​

​Just as with Wundt's experimental psychology,within ____ years of its founding,Freud's system was splintering.

Describe at least three of the fundamental differences between Adler's individual psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.​

​Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on humanistic psychology.What is its current status in psychology?

Which of the following psychotheorists is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?​

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of ____ while de-emphasizing the role of ____.​

What is positive psychology as proposed by Seligman? In what ways is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology?

What role did Anna Freud play within the psychoanalytic movement? Describe her relationship with her father and the ways in which she expanded his system.

Which branch of psychoanalysis did Anna Freud found?

Identify and discuss at least three of the disagreements that Horney had with Freud.

The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.

Play therapy,a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children,was introduced by ____.

Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis ____.

Identify and discuss at least three basic differences between Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

The ego psychologists amended Freud's original position by emphasizing that the ____.

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____.

Identify and discuss three changes that the neo-Freudians introduced within psychoanalysis.How did the neo-Freudians differ from the dissenters?

Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions of the unconscious mind.Within Jungian theory,define/describe collective unconscious,archetypes,and the relationship between the two.Name at least four of the archetypes discussed by Schultz and Schultz;describe two of them in detail.

Just as with Wundt's experimental psychology,within ____ years of its founding,Freud's system was splintering.

Describe at least three of the fundamental differences between Adler's individual psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on humanistic psychology.What is its current status in psychology?

Which of the following psychotheorists is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of while de-emphasizing the role of .