Question 1

Human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual's decision. This ethical decision making approach is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The ethical decision making approach that acknowledges fundamental rights and liberties of human beings is known as the moral-rights approach. This approach holds that certain things are morally right or wrong, regardless of the consequences they may produce. Therefore, choices and actions are evaluated based on their consistency with moral principles and human rights standards. The utilitarian approach is concerned with maximizing benefits and minimizing harms, regardless of distributive justice considerations, individualism approach emphasizes personal freedom and autonomy, and dualism approach assumes that ethical decisions involve a trade-off between profits and social responsibility. None of these approaches may provide a sufficient basis for ensuring respect for the human rights and dignity of all individuals.

Question 2

Which of the following refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviours with respect to what is right and wrong?

Accepted Answer

Ethics refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviors with respect to what is right and wrong. Self-dealing refers to an ethical issue related to conflicts of interest, Free domain isn't related to ethical issues, Codified law refers to legal regulations, and Opportunism refers to the practice of taking advantage of opportunities as they arise.

Question 3

The __________ approach is the ethical concept that moral behaviors produce the greatest good for the greatest number?

Accepted Answer

The Utilitarian approach focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people. It considers the consequences of a decision or action and chooses the one that produces the most positive outcomes for the majority.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the moral rights that could be considered during decision-making?

Accepted Answer

The right to invade privacy is not a moral right that should be considered during decision-making. The other options (A, C, D, and E) are moral rights that should be taken into account when making decisions, such as obtaining informed consent, respecting free speech and conscience, and ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals.

Question 5

A new drug has not yet been approved by the USA's agency the FDA to sell in the USA because further clinical testing is needed. The company has a chance to sell its product in another country immediately, recovering some of the costs of R & D and production will then be three years ahead of time. This example places the decision in which of the following categories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A new drug has not yet been...

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a normative ethics approach?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism, individualism, and moral-rights approach are all normative ethics approaches since they offer guidance on what is morally right or wrong. However, concurrency control is a technical term related to database management and has no relevance to ethics.

Question 7

One of the newest positions in organizations is the chief operating officer, a response to widespread financial wrongdoing in recent years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the newest positions in organizations...

Question 8

When everyone is pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest. This is proposed by the __________ approach:

Accepted Answer

The individualism approach focuses on the belief that pursuing self-interest ultimately leads to the greatest good for society, as people learn to accommodate and cooperate with each other. It emphasizes the importance of individual freedoms and choices, while also recognizing the potential for conflict and the need for cooperation. This aligns with the idea that when everyone is pursuing self-direction, they learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest.

Question 9

The _____ refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people affected by them.

Accepted Answer

The moral-rights approach emphasizes that moral decisions should maximize the protection and respect for the moral rights of all individuals affected by them. This approach recognizes that every individual has certain fundamental rights that should be honored, such as the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression. This approach is different from the utilitarian approach, which focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility, and the justice approach, which focuses on fairness and equal distribution of benefits and costs. The individualism approach emphasizes autonomy and freedom of choice, whereas the discretionary responsibility approach emphasizes voluntary actions beyond legal compliance.

Question 10

A chief ethics officer is a company executive who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance.

Accepted Answer

A chief ethics officer is responsible for ensuring that a company operates in an ethical and legal manner, and oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance.

Question 11

The disclosure by an employee of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices by the organization is called whistle-blowing.

Accepted Answer

Whistle-blowing refers to the act of an employee reporting illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices within an organization to external authorities or the public.

Question 12

Principle-based statements define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities, quality of products and treatment of employees.

Accepted Answer

Principle-based statements do define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities, quality of products and treatment of employees.

Question 13

_____ to ethical decision-making is consistent with free consent, privacy, freedom of conscience and free speech.

Accepted Answer

The moral-rights approach focuses on the preservation of the individual's rights to free consent, privacy, freedom of conscience, and free speech. This is consistent with ethical decision-making that upholds the values and rights of individuals. The other approaches, such as individualism, utilitarianism, justice, and dual-economic, may prioritize other factors or stakeholders over individual rights.

Question 14

The firm decision by ABC International to downsize and reduce its labour force is in the:

Accepted Answer

The decision of ABC International to downsize and reduce its labour force is a business decision that falls within the domain of free choice. While there may be legal requirements and ethical considerations to take into account, ultimately it is up to the company to decide how to operate and manage its workforce.

Question 15

Managers are often concerned good citizenship will hurt performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Managers are often concerned good citizenship will...

Question 16

A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviours have been analyzed of their potentially negative ethical consequences, making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong, is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma is a situation where all alternative choices or behaviors have been analyzed, and there are potentially negative ethical consequences for each option. In such a situation, it can be difficult to distinguish right from wrong, making it an ethical dilemma.

Question 17

In a mixed market economy an organization's decision to produce a new product is in the:

Accepted Answer

In a mixed market economy, organizations are able to make their own decisions about what products to produce based on free market principles. They are not required to produce certain products by law or ethics, and there is no specific compensatory justice or social responsibility mandate for making this decision.

Question 18

Which ethical approach are companies citing to justify their policing of employee's personal habits on and off the job, such as misuse of social media

Accepted Answer

The utilitarian approach is often cited by companies to justify policing employees' personal habits, as it focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, aiming to prevent harm to the company's reputation and overall well-being.

Question 19

Policy-based statements generally outline the procedure to be used in specific ethical situations.

Accepted Answer

Policy-based statements provide guidelines for actions to be taken in particular ethical situations. They inform people about the procedure to be used in such situations, in order to resolve the ethical dilemma or problem at hand.

Question 20

A normative approach to ethical decision making:

Accepted Answer

A normative approach does not reduce ethical dilemmas to easy formulas or dictate only one way to resolve them. Rather, it uses various approaches to describe and provide guiding values for ethical decision making, such as consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethics. It acknowledges that people may have different values and perspectives, and encourages them to consider multiple perspectives when making decisions. It does not require the use of any particular value system, but rather emphasizes the importance of being reflective and thoughtful in one's decision making process.

Quiz 6: Managing Ethics and Social Corporate Governance