Question 1

Studies indicate that women from __________ are more likely to eat because their body tells them they are hungry.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women from Japan, and other East Asian countries, have a higher sensitivity to internal hunger cues and are less likely to rely on external cues or emotional eating.

Question 2

Jasmine often requires her friends' approval when she buys new outfits. Her need is an example of a(n) __________ drive.

Accepted Answer

Acquired (secondary) drives are learned through experience, and the need for approval in fashion choices is often shaped by societal norms and the influence of peers.

Question 3

The approach to motivation that forced psychologists to consider the value of homeostasis in motivation was the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction approach posits that motivation arises from the need to reduce physiological imbalances or drives, such as hunger or thirst, and return the body to a balanced state of homeostasis. This approach emphasizes the importance of maintaining biological equilibrium and the role it plays in motivating behavior.

Question 4

One day at school, someone collides with you in the hall and knocks you down, causing you to be angry. However, when playing football with friends, if you get knocked down, you do not express anger. What theory best explains how we label each situation and choose the appropriate emotion to show?

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory, proposes that emotions arise from the interpretation of both physiological arousal and situational cues. In the situation at school, the person may interpret the collision as intentional or disrespectful, leading to anger. However, in the football situation, the person may interpret the contact as part of the game and not intentionally harmful, leading to a lack of anger expression. This theory emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in determining emotional responses.

Question 5

In Schachter and Singer's classic study, participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the "angry" research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as __________, whereas those who were exposed to the "happy" confederate interpreted their arousal as __________.

Accepted Answer

The participants who received epinephrine and were in the company of the "angry" research confederate interpreted their physiological arousal as anger, while those who were exposed to the "happy" confederate interpreted their arousal as happiness.

Question 6

The phrase "I'm embarrassed because my face is red" is best explained by which theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions are a result of physiological reactions to stimuli. In this case, the person's face becoming red which may be due to embarrassment, triggers the emotion of embarrassment.

Question 7

An important component to Carol Dweck's theory of motivation is __________.

Accepted Answer

Carol Dweck's theory focuses on one's view of self as either fixed or malleable, which significantly impacts motivation. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect as classical conditioning is not a part of Carol Dweck's theories. Option C is also incorrect as Dweck's theory does not focus on biological motivations or genetics. Option D, while emotions can be present in motivational theory, is not central to Dweck's theory.

Question 8

Leptin is a hormone involved in __________.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone primarily involved in regulating appetite and energy balance by signaling the brain to reduce hunger and food intake.

Question 9

Since Dillon's family has a history of obesity, he has __________ risk of becoming obese compared to people without such a family history.

Accepted Answer

Dillon is at a higher risk than people without a family history of obesity, but the exact amount is not given. However, "double or triple" is a reasonable estimate based on the word "history" suggesting a strong pattern within the family.

Question 10

According to Maslow, what is meant by a peak experience?

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow, a peak experience is a momentary state of self-actualization where an individual reaches the highest point of their potential and experiences intense feelings of happiness, fulfillment, and ecstasy. It is a moment where an individual loses their sense of time and space and feels completely immersed in the present moment.

Question 11

The structure in the brain that, when damaged, causes rats to eat and eat and eat is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus is the structure in the brain that, when damaged, causes rats to overeat and become obese. Option B (lateral hippocampus) and C (ventromedial pituitary) are not involved in regulation of feeding behavior. Option D (lateral hypothalamus) is known to be involved in hunger and feeding behavior, but when damaged it actually causes animals to stop eating.

Question 12

Eli enjoys woodcarving. Although none of his teenage friends are interested, he often spends hours creating several different pieces. His enjoyment of the task is all his own, and he rarely shows others his work. Many would call his motivation __________ in nature.

Accepted Answer

Eli's motivation to woodcarve seems to come from within himself and is not influenced by external rewards or pressures. This aligns with the definition of intrinsic motivation.

Question 13

The level of weight the body tries to maintain is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The weight set point is the level of weight the body tries to maintain through various physiological processes. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy the body needs to perform basic functions like breathing and circulating blood while at rest. Basal set point and weight metabolic rate are not commonly used terms in the field of biology or physiology.

Question 14

Motivational theories such as __________ are physical in terms of their needs, while __________ is based on psychological motives.

Accepted Answer

The drive theory is a physical theory that suggests behavior is driven by biological needs, such as hunger or thirst. McClelland's need theory, on the other hand, is a psychological theory that suggests behavior is driven by needs for achievement, affiliation, and power.

Question 15

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The best theory that explains the effect seen in the scenario is the facial feedback theory - which suggests that our facial expressions can influence and even generate emotions. In this case, Eileen's smiling face prompts her classmates to smile too, which in turn generates feelings of happiness and positivity in them.

Question 16

Dodi is always looking for new hobbies. He prefers exciting hobbies that will get him noticed. In his company, Dodi constantly asks for feedback from customers so he can know what he needs to do to be the best. Dodi is high in the need for __________.

Accepted Answer

Dodi's preference for exciting hobbies that will get him noticed and his constant feedback-seeking behavior show his high need for achievement, which is the drive to excel in one's work and to take pleasure in accomplishing tasks.

Question 17

Jacob believes he is in control of his own destiny. He feels he is secure in the friendships he has with others. However, he still feels the need to master many of the challenges in his own life and career. According to the self-determination theory, which stage is Jacob still working to complete?

Accepted Answer

Jacob is still working to complete the competence stage, as indicated by his need to master challenges in his life and career. Self-determination theory posits that competence, along with autonomy and relatedness, are fundamental psychological needs. Jacob's belief in controlling his destiny reflects autonomy, and his security in friendships reflects relatedness. His ongoing effort to master challenges directly relates to the need for competence.

Question 18

LeDoux's work on the physiology involving emotions has focused on what part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

LeDoux's work has focused on the amygdala, which is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing emotional information and generating emotional responses.

Question 19

"I believe that emotions and physiological arousal tend to happen simultaneously." Which theorist would be responsible for making such a statement?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which proposes that emotional experiences and physiological responses occur independently but simultaneously, meaning that neither one causes the other.

Question 20

According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated toward the __________ point of arousal.

Accepted Answer

According to the arousal theory, people are motivated towards achieving an optimal level of arousal, which is the point where they feel most comfortable and perform at their best. This level can vary from person to person and situation to situation. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion