Question 1

Give a definition and example of mental set.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Cognition is a synonym for __________.
A) perception
B) learning
C) thinking
D) intelligence

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers specifically to the mental processes involved in thinking, including perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving. Learning and intelligence are related but distinct concepts, with learning referring to the acquisition of new knowledge or skills and intelligence referring to overall cognitive ability.

Question 3

Language is based on sound units called morphemes.

Accepted Answer

Language is based on sound units called phonemes, while morphemes are the smallest units of meaning.

Question 4

Terman's study of gifted children over a long period of their lives clearly demonstrated that the gifted were lacking in social skills, had poor health, and were generally unhappy.

Accepted Answer

Terman's study actually showed that the gifted children had above-average social skills, good physical health, and were generally happy.

Question 5

Give an example of an algorithm.

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Question 6

People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ exceeds 130.

Accepted Answer

This is a common understanding, but it's important to note that IQ tests are not the only measure of intelligence and should not be relied on as the sole indicator of someone's abilities or potential.

Question 7

Give an example of a heuristic.

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Question 8

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by __________.
A) Gardner
B) Sternberg
C) Thurstone
D) Spearman

Accepted Answer

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner, a developmental psychologist and professor of cognition and education at Harvard University.

Question 9

Discuss how heredity is related to intelligence and IQ scores. What is the controversy about the role of race and ethnicity in IQ and intelligence? Evaluate the claims of those who think race is related to IQ and intelligence.

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Question 10

Explain the techniques used when someone tries to solve a problem. How might a person be blocked in trying to find a solution?

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Question 11

What is the IQ formula first constructed by William Stern, and what does each term in the formula mean?

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Question 12

What is the major premise behind the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

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Question 13

What are the three parts of Sternberg's theory of intelligence?

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Question 14

Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or decreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and research this, using the social science literature. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about robberies in which the "bad guy" used a firearm. Agatha is using a heuristic device that is impeding or obstructing her thinking. Define this heuristic device. What might be a better way for her to examine the issue and avoid this mistake?

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Question 15

What is a phoneme? Give examples of at least three different phonemes.

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Question 16

It is commonly thought that people who are "gifted" have various physical, psychological, and personality problems. What is really known about this common idea, and what did a famous study learn about the gifted?

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Question 17

Animals such as dolphins and chimps have shown some language-like behavior but have not been seen to demonstrate the language skills equal to that of a 3-year-old human child.

Accepted Answer

While some animals have shown language-like behavior, studies have not shown that they have language skills equal to that of a 3-year-old human child.

Question 18

What is the definition of language? What is the evidence, pro and con, as to whether nonhuman animals have a capacity for language?

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Question 19

What is a "twin study"?

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Question 20

Give a brief definition of the term concept and provide an example of one with its associated prototype.

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Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language