Question 1

If you make spaghetti with homemade tomato sauce for a family of four and add only 1 tsp of salt total when preparing both items, about how many milligrams of sodium would each person consume from both of the items?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you make spaghetti with homemade tomato...

Question 2

Magnesium deficiency has been investigated to determine whether it increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and predisposes people to type 2 diabetes To date, how convincing is the evidence from clinical trials?

Accepted Answer

The evidence from clinical trials is not convincing because there is no clear evidence that magnesium deficiency increases the risk for cardiovascular disease or predisposes people to type 2 diabetes.

Question 3

Which mineral stabilizes enzymes and neutralizes anions?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium plays a crucial role in enzyme stabilization and is often required for proper enzymatic function. It is also involved in neutralizing anions and maintaining proper ionic balance within cells. Chloride, potassium, and sodium are all important ions in the body, but they do not have the same roles as magnesium in enzyme stabilization and anion neutralization.

Question 4

Which mineral is a component of stomach acid?

Accepted Answer

Chloride is a major component of stomach acid, helping to activate digestive enzymes and break down food. Potassium and sodium may be present in small amounts, but they are not major components of stomach acid. Phosphorous is not typically found in stomach acid.

Question 5

Jim has been training for a marathon and is up to 16 miles on his longest run He just finished running, it is 82°F outside, and he is sweating profusely He is feeling a little nauseous and dizzy You suspect that Jim is experiencing dehydration and loss of:

Accepted Answer

During intense exercise and sweating, the body loses electrolytes, primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), which can lead to symptoms like nausea and dizziness.

Question 6

Magnesium is vital for energy metabolism as it stabilizes:

Accepted Answer

Magnesium stabilizes ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary molecule used for energy in the body, by binding to it and forming a complex that is necessary for its function. Magnesium does not stabilize DNA or RNA, and while it may play a role in maintaining electrolyte balance, it does not stabilize NaCl (sodium chloride).

Question 7

Jim is dehydrated and has purchased several "sports drinks" to have available along his training route Why did the team dietitian recommended that Jim purchase a brand that contained glucose instead of high-fructose corn syrup?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jim is dehydrated and has purchased several...

Question 8

Which tissue is especially susceptible to the effects of magnesium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

The heart is especially susceptible to the effects of magnesium deficiency. Magnesium is essential for maintaining proper heart function and a deficiency can lead to arrhythmias, hypertension, and even heart failure.

Question 9

Approximately what percentage of Americans have high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 31% of Americans have high blood pressure.

Question 10

Who is at the greatest risk of developing magnesium toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Those who use medications containing magnesium for treatment of heartburn, indigestion, and constipation are at the greatest risk of developing magnesium toxicity. This is because these medications contain high amounts of magnesium, which can accumulate in the body and cause toxicity if taken in excess. Consuming farmed or non-farmed seafood or foods grown near electrical or nuclear power plants do not necessarily increase the risk of magnesium toxicity.

Question 11

Low-salt foods must have:

Accepted Answer

According to the FDA's guidelines, a food can be labeled "low-sodium" if it contains 140 mg or less of sodium per serving. Therefore, the best choice would be option C, which meets this requirement.

Question 12

Which of the following is/are tendencies of US adults with high blood pressure??

Accepted Answer

Consuming large amounts of salt, being overweight, and smoking are all common tendencies of US adults with high blood pressure.

Question 13

Hyponatremia stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete _____, which in turn causes the _____ to reabsorb sodium

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone, which in turn causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium. This helps to increase sodium levels in the blood.

Question 14

_____ contribute(s) the largest portion of sodium and chloride to the American diet

Accepted Answer

Processed foods, such as canned goods, frozen meals, and snack foods, are often high in sodium and chloride due to the use of salt as a preservative and flavor enhancer. Table salt also contributes to sodium and chloride intake, but typically in smaller amounts. Fresh fruits and vegetables and low-fat milk are not significant sources of these minerals.

Question 15

Over the course of a day, Sean adds about one teaspoon of salt to his food About how many mg of sodium has he added in this way?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over the course of a day, Sean...

Question 16

If a food contributes sodium to the diet, what is its contribution of chloride likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Sodium in foods is often present as sodium chloride (table salt), so if a food contributes sodium, it is likely also a good source of chloride.

Question 17

Baby Ann, age 9 months, is vomiting and has diarrhea This can be life threatening because of the losses of water and which two minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to the loss of water, sodium, and chloride from the body, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Sodium and chloride are important electrolytes that help maintain the balance of fluids in the body, and their loss can be especially dangerous to babies like Ann.

Question 18

If a yeast bread recipe called for 1 tsp of salt and served 10, about how many milligrams of sodium would you have consumed if you ate 2 slices of bread?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that each serving size is one slice of bread, we can calculate the total amount of salt in the recipe as follows:

1 tsp of salt = 2,300 mg of sodium 
2,300 mg/10 servings = 230 mg of sodium per serving

Therefore, two slices of bread would contain 460 mg of sodium (230 mg per slice).

Question 19

When the concentration of sodium in the blood increases, what happens to aldosterone and renin secretion, and what then results?

Accepted Answer

When the concentration of sodium in the blood increases, the body seeks to reduce this concentration to maintain homeostasis. Aldosterone and renin secretion decrease, leading to decreased salt reabsorption by the kidneys, allowing more sodium to be excreted in the urine.

Question 20

What is the function of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to release more aldosterone, which helps regulate blood pressure by causing the kidneys to retain salt and water.

Quiz 12: The Major Minerals and Water