Question 1

What is the normal range for CVP in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP) in a healthy adult is 0-8 mm Hg. CVP is a measure of the pressure in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium of the heart, reflecting the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system.

Question 2

If a patient has a heart rate of 70 beats/min and a cardiac output of 4.9 L/min,what would the SV equal?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume (SV) is calculated by dividing cardiac output (CO) by heart rate (HR). SV = CO/HR = 4.9 L/min / 70 beats/min = 0.07 L/beat = 70 mL/beat.

Question 3

What is the term for the study of forces that influence the circulation of blood?

Accepted Answer

Hemodynamics is the study of the forces that influence the circulation of blood, such as blood pressure, flow, and resistance. Hematology is the study of blood and its components, cardiology is the study of the heart and its functions, and pulmodynamics is not a recognized term in medicine.

Question 4

What primary therapeutic effect does nitroprusside have on hemodynamic parameters?

Accepted Answer

Nitroprusside is a potent arterial and venous vasodilator, which reduces peripheral vascular resistance, and lowers afterload. It is used to treat severe hypertension, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension.

Question 5

Which of the following can be measured directly via a pulmonary artery catheter?
I.CVP
II.RAP
III.PCWP
IV.PVR

Accepted Answer

A pulmonary artery catheter can directly measure Central Venous Pressure (CVP), Right Atrial Pressure (RAP), and Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP). Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) is calculated, not directly measured.

Question 6

What is the normal adult BSA?

Accepted Answer

The normal adult BSA is between 1.5-2 m2.

Question 7

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for stroke volume in a healthy adult at rest is approximately 60-130 mL. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.

Question 8

What is the normal range for right atrial pressure in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for right atrial pressure in a healthy adult is 0-8 mm Hg, reflecting the low-pressure system of the venous return to the heart.

Question 9

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for cardiac index?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for cardiac index in a healthy adult at rest is 2.5-4.2 L/beat/m2. Option B is the normal range for stroke volume index, not cardiac index. Options C and D are above the normal range for cardiac index.

Question 10

What does CO divided by HR equal?

Accepted Answer

CO (Cardiac Output) divided by HR (Heart Rate) equals SV (Stroke Volume). Stroke Volume is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.

Question 11

What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in a healthy adult is between 4-12 mm Hg. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 12

What is the normal range for cardiac output in a healthy adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for cardiac output in a healthy adult at rest is 4-8 liters per minute. This range reflects the volume of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute.

Question 13

What is the normal range for mean pulmonary artery pressure in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for mean pulmonary artery pressure in a healthy adult is 9-18 mm Hg. Choices B and D are incorrect as they suggest that the pressure should be between 0-8 cm H₂O/mm Hg, which is too low. Choice C suggests 9-18 cm H₂O, which is incorrect as the pressure is typically measured in mm Hg.

Question 14

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for PVR in dynes x sec x cm⁻⁵ ?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) in a healthy adult at rest is 20-120 dynes x sec x cm⁻⁵. This range reflects the resistance encountered by blood as it flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary circulation.

Question 15

What is the correct catheter placement to obtain the PCWP?

Accepted Answer

The correct catheter placement to obtain the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) is in the pulmonary artery. By advancing the catheter into a small branch of the pulmonary artery until it wedges, it indirectly measures the left atrial pressure.

Question 16

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for SVR in dynes x sec x cm⁻⁵ ?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) in a healthy adult at rest is approximately 800 to 1500 dynes x sec x cm⁻⁵. This range reflects the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system.

Question 17

Which of the following abbreviations indicate the intermittent pressure measurement obtained when a pulmonary artery catheter is advanced into the PA and the balloon on the catheter tip is inflated?
I.PCWP
II.PAW
III.PAO
IV.PVR

Accepted Answer

I.PCWP stands for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and measures the pressure behind the inflated balloon on the pulmonary artery catheter, indicating left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. 
II.PAW stands for pulmonary artery wedge pressure, which is another term for PCWP. 
III.PAO stands for pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, which is also another term for PCWP. 
IV.PVR stands for pulmonary vascular resistance and is not related to measuring pressures with a pulmonary artery catheter.

Question 18

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for left ventricular stroke work index ?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for left ventricular stroke work index in a healthy adult at rest is 40-60 g m/m2. This index is a measure of the work done by the left ventricle per beat, normalized for body surface area.

Question 19

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for stroke volume index?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for stroke volume index in a healthy adult at rest is 30-65 mL/beat/m2. This measurement adjusts the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction) for the body size of the individual, providing a more accurate assessment of heart function.

Question 20

In a healthy adult at rest,what is the normal range for right ventricular stroke work index ?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) in a healthy adult at rest is 7-12 g m/m2. RVSWI is a measure of how much work the right ventricle is doing to pump blood out to the lungs. A value outside of this normal range may indicate a problem with the heart.

Quiz 15: Hemodynamic Measurements