The doctrine that there is no conspiracy when there is an agreement between only the parties necessary for the commission of a substantive offense is known as:

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Wharton's rule, also known as the "rule of unanimity," states that there can be no criminal conspiracy charge when the agreement is made between only the parties necessary for the commission of the offense. This means that if the crime requires at least two people to commit it, such as adultery, then two people agreeing to commit the crime would not be charged with conspiracy. Wharton's rule, also known as the "common-law conspiracy doctrine," holds that if a particular crime by its nature requires the involvement of two or more people, then a conspiracy conviction cannot be obtained unless a third party is involved. This means that if only those necessary to commit the crime are involved, there can be no conspiracy charge.

The Doctrine That There Is No Conspiracy When There Is