Question 1

Carlos wants to avoid overeating and eating unhealthy food. Because of this, he may decline invitations when his friends ask him to join them at a fast food restaurant. Which method is Carlos using to control the risk of overeating?

Accepted Answer

Carlos is using situational inducement to control the risk of overeating by avoiding situations that may lead him to overeat or consume unhealthy food.

Question 2

An example of shaping is

Accepted Answer

Shaping involves gradually adjusting behavior, so starting with small changes and gradually increasing them is an example of shaping. The other options do not fit the definition of shaping, as they involve physical exercise, using rewards to influence behavior, and mimicking someone else's behavior.

Question 3

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers serves as which type of reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Manipulative reinforcers involve the manipulation of access to resources or privileges, such as lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers, which encourages healthier behavior by providing a financial incentive.

Question 4

The primary goal of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 is to provide access to health insurance for millions of uninsured Americans.

Accepted Answer

The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, aims to increase access to affordable health insurance for millions of uninsured Americans. It includes measures such as expanding Medicaid eligibility, creating health insurance exchanges, and providing subsidies for low-income individuals to purchase insurance.

Question 5

Using rational, positive statements and deliberately blocking negative thoughts are ways to avoid negative

Accepted Answer

When we consciously focus on using rational, positive statements, we are engaging in positive self-talk. Deliberately blocking negative thoughts is also a way to eliminate negative self-talk. Therefore, the answer is self-talk (option C).

Question 6

Observing a friend's success at quitting smoking has helped you to quit a few months later, which demonstrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Modeling refers to the process of learning or modifying a behavior by observing another person, often known as a model. In this scenario, the friend's successful experience with quitting smoking served as a model for the individual, who later followed suit and quit smoking as well.

Question 7

According to morbidity and mortality statistics, in the 21ˢᵗ century, a person is more likely to die from an infectious disease rather than from a chronic disease.

Accepted Answer

In the 21st century, chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death worldwide, surpassing infectious diseases. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant increase in infectious disease-related deaths in the past year.

Question 8

Daily choices influence an individual's health status and well-being.

Accepted Answer

Daily choices such as diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being. Making healthy choices on a consistent basis can help prevent chronic diseases and promote overall wellness.

Question 9

Rewarding yourself for reaching your weight loss goal with a trip to Hawaii is an example of which type of reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Activity reinforcers involve engaging in a preferred activity as a reward, and planning a trip to Hawaii as a reward for reaching a weight loss goal fits this category because the trip is an activity the person looks forward to as a form of reinforcement.

Question 10

Jules is trying to lose weight. When she craves a high-fat treat from the local ice cream shop, she is prepared to allow herself a cup of low-fat frozen yogurt in her favorite flavor. The tactic she is using to avoid eating more calories is

Accepted Answer

Jules is using a tactic called countering, where she substitutes a high-fat treat with a lower-fat option to avoid consuming more calories.

Question 11

The medical model of health focuses on the individual's reaction to his or her social and physical environment.

Accepted Answer

The medical model of health focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disease or illness, often regarding the individual's health separate from his or her social and physical environment. A more holistic model of health, such as the biopsychosocial model, takes into account the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in determining overall health.

Question 12

Effectively controlling anger demonstrates intellectual health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Effectively controlling anger demonstrates intellectual health....

Question 13

Behavior is a nonmodifiable determinant.

Accepted Answer

Behavior is actually modifiable and can be changed through various interventions such as therapy, medication, and habit-forming techniques.

Question 14

Health disparities are differences in the levels of health and disease among specific population groups, such as the low-income or uninsured.

Accepted Answer

Health disparities can also refer to differences in access to healthcare, quality of healthcare, and health outcomes between different population groups. These disparities can be influenced by a variety of factors including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, and geographic location.

Question 15

The perceived source or cause (internal or external) of events in a person's life is known as his or her

Accepted Answer

Locus of control refers to the degree to which individuals believe they can control events in their life. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they have control over what happens to them, while individuals with an external locus of control believe that outside forces have more control over their lives.

Question 16

Visualizing yourself successfully losing 15 pounds by choosing healthy foods at your favorite restaurant is an example of

Accepted Answer

Visualizing yourself successfully losing 15 pounds by choosing healthy foods at your favorite restaurant is an example of imagined rehearsal, which is a cognitive technique used to mentally practice desired outcomes or behaviors.

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of a realistic, specific, and attainable goal?

Accepted Answer

Option B is the best example of a realistic, specific, and attainable goal because it quantifies the amount of weight to be lost (1 pound), sets a specific timeframe (a week over the next four weeks), and is achievable for most people with dietary and lifestyle adjustments.

Question 18

Today, quality of life is recognized as being as important as years of life.

Accepted Answer

Quality of life is recognized as a critical component of overall well-being, and is considered to be just as important as the number of years we live. This concept is an important part of modern healthcare and public health policies.

Question 19

More people across all age groups die from cancer than any other chronic disease.

Accepted Answer

Heart disease is the leading cause of death globally, surpassing cancer in mortality rates across most age groups.

Question 20

In the early 1900s, the ecological model or public health model became a major focus of health investigation.

Accepted Answer

The ecological model or public health model became a major focus of health investigation in the early 1900s, with the recognition that health is influenced by a range of environmental, social, and economic factors. This approach continues to be an important framework for understanding and addressing health issues today.

Quiz 1: Accessing Your Health