Question 1

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called hormesis.

Question 2

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a ___________________ dose-response relationship.

Accepted Answer

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a linear-nonthreshold dose-response relationship.

Question 3

The law of __________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Accepted Answer

The Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Question 4

A _________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Accepted Answer

A linear response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Question 5

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a ____________ dose.

Accepted Answer

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a fractionated dose.

Question 6

_________ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Accepted Answer

LET is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Question 7

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may ________________.

Accepted Answer

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may stimulate the hormonal and immune system responses to toxins and extend the life span.

Question 8

As LET ____________, the RBE ______________.

Accepted Answer

As LET increases, the RBE increases.

Question 9

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is ________________.

Accepted Answer

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is interphase death.

Question 10

Humans are most radiosensitive during ________________.

Accepted Answer

Humans are most radiosensitive during fetal stages.

Question 11

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/mm.

Accepted Answer

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is 3.0 keV/mm.

Question 12

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____________________.

Accepted Answer

The human application of radioprotective agents would be fatally toxic.

Question 13

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Accepted Answer

The Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Question 14

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Accepted Answer

Tissue is more radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and less radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Question 15

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to ______________.

Accepted Answer

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to recover between doses, repair damaged tissues, and have higher total doses.

Question 16

Tissues that are ____________ with a _______ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Accepted Answer

Tissues that are immature with a high metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Question 17

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _______________________.

Accepted Answer

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using extrapolation from high ranges.

Question 18

A protracted dose of radiation is given _______________.

Accepted Answer

A protracted dose of radiation is given over a long period of time.

Question 19

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

Accepted Answer

A nonlinear-threshold dose response can follow a sigmoid curve.

Question 20

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _________________.

Accepted Answer

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is nonthreshold.

Quiz 30: Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology