A pelvic examination and collection of semen samples from a rape victim during the acute phase may cause a resurgence of the initial feelings of disruption, helplessness, hostility, and violation-a reaction known as

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Secondary victimization refers to the additional trauma that victims may experience from the responses of institutions and individuals, including during invasive procedures like pelvic examinations and semen collection, which can inadvertently cause victims to relive their trauma and feel further violated.

A Pelvic Examination and Collection of Semen Samples from a Rape