Question 1

A person who displays a traditional morality of authority would be at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Accepted Answer

A person who displays a traditional morality of authority, focusing on conformity, social order, and maintaining the expectations of others, would be at Kohlberg's conventional level. This level is characterized by an emphasis on upholding laws, social rules, and the approval of others.

Question 2

If you follow accepted authority, rules, and values or if your choices reflect a desire to please others, you are exhibiting moral reasoning at which level of development?

Accepted Answer

Conventional level of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, involves an individual's acceptance of society's conventions concerning right and wrong. At this level, moral reasoning is based on conformity to social rules, norms, and expectations.

Question 3

In which level of moral development is moral reasoning directed by self-chosen ethical principles that tend to be general, comprehensive, or universal?

Accepted Answer

In the postconventional level of moral development, individuals reason based on self-chosen ethical principles that are broad, comprehensive, or universal. This level reflects a higher stage of moral reasoning as described by Lawrence Kohlberg, where moral decisions are made based on personal principles and values that transcend societal norms or conventions.

Question 4

Regarding Kohlberg's moral development levels, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggests that individuals progress through different levels of moral reasoning, but not everyone reaches the highest stages, and the rate of advancement can vary significantly among individuals. The preconventional level, characterized by a focus on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards, is most commonly observed in young children and some delinquents, making statement C true.

Question 5

A nurse and her husband come upon an accident late at night. While her husband stays with the accident victims and calls for help, the nurse breaks the window on the door of a nearby drugstore to get the supplies she needs to help these victims before the ambulance gets there. When the police arrive, she tells them what she did and offers to pay for the window and supplies. Which level of moral development is the nurse exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is exhibiting postconventional moral development, as she is making decisions based on ethical principles that value human life over legal rules, showing a higher level of moral reasoning that goes beyond societal norms and laws.

Question 6

Using a story such as "The Porcupine and the Moles," Gilligan was able to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

Gilligan critiqued Kohlberg's moral classification system for its emphasis on justice, arguing that it did not adequately represent the moral reasoning of women, who she found were more likely to use an ethics of care and responsibility.

Question 7

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, emphasizes conformity to societal rules and laws. Choice A reflects this level by prioritizing adherence to the law over personal needs.

Question 8

When presented with "The Porcupine and the Moles" story, the girls in Gilligan's study tended to use an ethic of

Accepted Answer

Gilligan's research highlighted that girls tended to approach moral dilemmas with an ethic of caring, focusing on relationships and the needs of others, rather than an ethic of justice, which is more about abstract principles of fairness. This distinction is evident in their responses to "The Porcupine and the Moles" story, where they would likely emphasize caring for the characters involved over impartial justice.

Question 9

Which of the following theorists pointed out that Kohlberg's system is concerned mainly with justice and that women when faced with real-life dilemmas tend to use an ethic of caring?

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan critiqued Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, arguing that it was biased towards a male perspective of morality focused on justice. She proposed that women are more inclined to consider ethics of care and relationships in their moral reasoning.

Question 10

A human resources employee at a large corporation is told by his supervisor to hire the supervisor's unqualified relative for a job. Even though he may get fired, this human resources employee chooses instead to hire a qualified applicant because he believes this is the "right thing" to do based on his own ethical standards. Which level of moral reasoning guided this employee's decision?

Accepted Answer

The employee's decision is guided by postconventional moral reasoning, where decisions are based on personal principles and the concept of justice, rather than conformity to laws or social approval.

Question 11

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

At the postconventional level of moral development, individuals make moral decisions based on universal ethical principles and the consideration of the greater good, rather than out of fear of punishment or for social approval. Choice D reflects this level because it suggests an action (stealing the drug for his sick wife) based on moral reasoning that transcends legal constraints, coupled with a willingness to accept the consequences, demonstrating an adherence to personal ethical principles over societal or legal rules.

Question 12

Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students' work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork. If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Jorge's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and the direct consequences of his actions, which aligns with the preconventional level of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory. This level is characterized by an individual's focus on personal consequences rather than societal norms or ethical principles.

Question 13

Although Scott does not like to do lawn work, he cares for his lawn because "what would people think if he let his yard grow up." When using this line of reasoning, Scott is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Scott is exhibiting the conventional level of moral development because his actions are motivated by the desire to conform to societal expectations and avoid disapproval from others.

Question 14

A recent report found that a significant number of men in their first-year of college think unwanted sexual aggression is acceptable. These men are exhibiting which level of moral development regarding their acceptance of unwanted sexual aggression?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional level of moral development is characterized by an individual's reasoning based on personal rewards and punishments, rather than societal norms or laws. The belief in the acceptability of unwanted sexual aggression, as described, suggests a self-centered approach to moral reasoning, aligning with the preconventional level.

Question 15

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is characterized by an emphasis on social rules and the opinions of others. Choice A reflects this level by focusing on societal perception and the label of being a "thief," which aligns with the conventional stage's concern for maintaining social order and approval.

Question 16

People at which level of moral reasoning place a high value on justice, dignity, and equality?

Accepted Answer

People at the postconventional level of moral reasoning place a high value on abstract principles such as justice, dignity, and equality. This level goes beyond societal norms and laws, focusing on ethical principles that apply universally.

Question 17

Patti does not speed on the highway because she is afraid of getting another ticket and losing her license and her insurance. If Patti uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Patti is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Patti's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and personal consequences, which aligns with Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development. This level is characterized by an individual's focus on self-interest and obeying rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards.

Question 18

Conventional, group-oriented morals are typical of

Accepted Answer

Conventional, group-oriented morals, which involve adherence to rules and standards of one's group or society, are typical of older children and most adults. This stage of moral development, as described by Lawrence Kohlberg, reflects the ability to maintain social order by following rules and understanding societal norms.

Question 19

Most older children and most adults exhibit moral reasoning at which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Most older children and adults typically reason at the conventional level of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. At this stage, individuals' moral reasoning is based on conforming to societal norms and the desire to uphold laws and rules.

Question 20

Carol Gilligan deserves credit for identifying a second major way in which moral choices are made, which involves the ethic of

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan is known for her work in moral development, particularly for introducing the concept of an "ethic of caring" as a contrast to Lawrence Kohlberg's "ethic of justice." This perspective emphasizes relationships and care as a basis for ethical decision-making.

Quiz 3: Human Development

A person who displays a traditional morality of authority would be at which of Kohlberg's levels?

If you follow accepted authority, rules, and values or if your choices reflect a desire to please others, you are exhibiting moral reasoning at which level of development?

In which level of moral development is moral reasoning directed by self-chosen ethical principles that tend to be general, comprehensive, or universal?

Regarding Kohlberg's moral development levels, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Using a story such as "The Porcupine and the Moles," Gilligan was able to demonstrate that

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

When presented with "The Porcupine and the Moles" story, the girls in Gilligan's study tended to use an ethic of

Which of the following theorists pointed out that Kohlberg's system is concerned mainly with justice and that women when faced with real-life dilemmas tend to use an ethic of caring?

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral development?

Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students' work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork. If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Although Scott does not like to do lawn work, he cares for his lawn because "what would people think if he let his yard grow up." When using this line of reasoning, Scott is exhibiting which level of moral development?

A recent report found that a significant number of men in their first-year of college think unwanted sexual aggression is acceptable. These men are exhibiting which level of moral development regarding their acceptance of unwanted sexual aggression?

In the moral dilemma in your textbook that involved the druggist and the man who could not afford the medicine for his sick wife, which of the following responses would demonstrate the conventional level?

People at which level of moral reasoning place a high value on justice, dignity, and equality?

Patti does not speed on the highway because she is afraid of getting another ticket and losing her license and her insurance. If Patti uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Patti is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Conventional, group-oriented morals are typical of

Most older children and most adults exhibit moral reasoning at which level of moral development?

Carol Gilligan deserves credit for identifying a second major way in which moral choices are made, which involves the ethic of