Question 1

The strategy for breaking bad habits that consists of trying to discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and removing, avoiding, or delaying the reinforcement involves the use of the operant conditioning principle of __________.

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Question 2

Most nights Ian comes home from work, turns on the TV, eats a whole bag of cookies or chips, then takes a shower, and changes clothes. By dinnertime he has lost his appetite. Ian could solve this problem by not turning on the TV but heading to the shower first. By changing the order of activities that precede dinner, he is breaking the __________.

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Question 3

Discuss the research regarding the effect of violent video games, including the results of early and more recent studies, the reasons why video games may increase the probability of aggression, and why violent media affects younger children differently than adolescents and adults.

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Question 4

Explain the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers, including how secondary reinforcers develop, and give two examples of each type of reinforcer.

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Question 5

Describe what changes constitute learning and what changes do not, distinguish between associative learning and cognitive learning, list the two types of associative learning, and explain the importance of antecedents and consequences for each type.

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Question 6

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is wrong about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

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Question 7

Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response, according to __________ principle.

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Question 8

Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning, including the nature of the response, the timing of learning, the role of the learner, the nature of the learning, and the learned expectancy for each.

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Question 9

Using behavioral terms, explain why advertisers might pair a "party scene" with a product, such as a soft drink, and explain why many stores carry imitations of nationally known products and place them right beside of these more well-known products.

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Question 10

Mitzi is extremely afraid of cats because she was badly scratched by one when she was younger. Abby is also afraid of cats, although she has never been scratched by one. However, Abby's mother is also afraid of cats. 
(a)Explain the way that Mitzi developed her phobia, using the US, UR, CS, and CR. 
(b)Explain the way Abby developed her phobia. 
(c)Describe how both of these women could overcome their phobias.

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Question 11

Provide an example of how each of the following strategies could be used to change a bad habit: a. reinforcing alternative responses, b. utilizing extinction, c. breaking response chains, and d. avoiding antecedent cues.

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Question 12

Explain what it means to be a cognitive time traveler; and discuss two research studies that have been conducted to determine whether other animals, besides humans, are cognitive time travelers.

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Question 13

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as a(n)__________.

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Question 14

Select a behavior that you would like to increase or decrease; and describe how you would set up a behavioral self-management program for this behavior.

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Question 15

Define discriminative stimuli and provide two real-life examples of its use.

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Question 16

Describe three problems that occur as punishment increases in severity.

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Quiz 6: Conditioning and Learning