Question 1

Judgments of people's character made by young children based only on looking at people's faces are
A)more accurate than those made by adults.
B)less accurate than those made by adults.
C)similar to those made by adults.
D)dissimilar to those made by adults.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that judgments of character made by young children, based solely on facial appearance, are surprisingly similar to those made by adults. This suggests that our ability to form impressions of people based on their faces is a trait that develops early in life and remains relatively consistent.

Question 2

Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines ​
A)cognitive structuring.
B)cultural direction.
C)stereotypes.
D)schematizing.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are overgeneralized beliefs about a particular category of people, which simplifies the social world by categorizing individuals based on their group membership, such as race, gender, or nationality.

Question 3

John observed Gracie, an executive for a large accounting firm, behave in an aggressive and pushy manner with her subordinates. John now believes that most women executives are aggressive and pushy with their subordinates. John's overestimation of the link between women executives and the social traits of "pushy" and "aggressive" is referred to as a(n)
A)illusory correlation.
B)contravened stereotype.
C)heuristic overbias.
D)self-serving attribution.

Accepted Answer

John's belief is an example of an illusory correlation, where he incorrectly perceives a relationship between being a woman executive and having aggressive traits based on limited observation. This cognitive bias involves overestimating the link between two variables.

Question 4

Joel and Kirk both work with a stock brokerage firm. Joel is considered to be extremely attractive, and Kirk is considered to be average in appearance. Based on research that has investigated the effects of physical appearance in person perception, you should predict that
A)Joel will tend to receive better performance evaluations than Kirk for equivalent work.
B)Kirk will tend to receive better performance evaluations than Joel for equivalent work.
C)Joel will be perceived as having greater integrity and being more honest.
D)Kirk will be perceived as being more submissive and naïve.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who are considered more attractive often receive more favorable evaluations and are perceived more positively in various aspects, including job performance.

Question 5

Patty is a member of a jury and just voted "guilty." All the other jury members have voted "not guilty." At this point in time, the other jury members should classify Patty
A)as a member of their ingroup.
B)using a confirmation bias.
C)as a member of their outgroup.
D)as outside their latitude of acceptance.

Accepted Answer

Patty's differing opinion from the rest of the jury members places her as a member of their outgroup, as she does not share their unanimous "not guilty" stance, distinguishing her from the collective group identity.

Question 6

Research on physical attractiveness has shown that
A)most people disregard physical attractiveness when forming first impressions of people.
B)judgments of women's personalities are affected by their physical attractiveness, but judgments of men's personalities are not.
C)we tend to ascribe desirable personality characteristics to good-looking people.
D)men are more likely than women to make biased judgments of others based on physical appearance.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people often ascribe positive personality traits to individuals they find physically attractive, a phenomenon known as the "halo effect." This effect applies to both men and women, not just one gender, and contradicts the notion that physical attractiveness is disregarded or that only one gender is judged based on appearance.

Question 7

Person perception refers to the process of
A)forming impressions of others.
B)developing an implicit personality theory.
C)predicting the behavior of others.
D)monitoring the impressions you make on other people.

Accepted Answer

Person perception is primarily about forming impressions of others based on available information.

Question 8

A group that one belongs to and identifies with is known as a(n)
A)stereotype.
B)social schema.
C)outgroup.
D)ingroup.

Accepted Answer

An ingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify.

Question 9

Sharon has met three musicians who have had full beards and three musicians who were clean-shaven. Still, she believes that most musicians have beards. Sharon's belief reflects
A)an egocentric slant.
B)an illusory correlation.
C)a confirmation bias.
D)the fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

Sharon's belief is an example of an illusory correlation, where she perceives a relationship between being a musician and having a beard based on a limited sample, despite her experience being evenly split between bearded and clean-shaven musicians.

Question 10

In terms of personality characteristics, people who are good looking tend to be viewed as ​
A)sociable, friendly, and warm.
B)dominant and perceptive.
C)intelligent and nonconforming.
D)honest and truthful.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "halo effect," where the attractiveness of an individual leads others to attribute a variety of positive characteristics to them, including being sociable, friendly, and warm.

Question 11

Harper is 35 years old and has just enrolled in his first university course. On the first day of class, he looks over the individuals in the room and sits next to another male student who appears to be in his early thirties. In this case, Harper has likely classified the other student ​
A)using a self-serving bias.
B)as a member of his ingroup.
C)as the teaching assistant for the class.
D)as someone who has more university experience than Harper.

Accepted Answer

Harper likely sees the other student as a member of his ingroup because they appear to be of a similar age, which can create a sense of similarity and belonging.

Question 12

Which of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others? ​
A)We have a tendency to identify with those we perceive as attractive.
B)Physically attractive individuals are also likely to be intelligent and hard working.
C)Being around attractive people tends to make us view ourselves more favorably.
D)At one time in our history, physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive potential.

Accepted Answer

Physical attractiveness was historically seen as a sign of health and fertility, traits beneficial for reproductive success. This evolutionary perspective suggests that being attracted to these qualities enhanced survival and reproduction, leading to a natural predisposition to favor physical attractiveness.

Question 13

A group that one does NOT belong to or identify with is known as a(n)
A)stereotype.
B)social schema.
C)outgroup.
D)ingroup.

Accepted Answer

An outgroup is a social group to which an individual does not identify or see themselves as belonging, in contrast to an ingroup, which is a group to which an individual identifies as being a member.

Question 14

Newton believes that all airline pilots are calm, cool individuals who never get excited or show any strong emotional responses. In this case, Newton's beliefs about the traits and behaviors of airline pilots are one example of ​
A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)a confirmation bias.
C)stereotypes.
D)the matching hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Newton's beliefs about airline pilots represent stereotypes, which are generalized beliefs or expectations about the characteristics and behaviors of a group of people.

Question 15

You believe that short men have a tendency to be insecure. The concept of illusory correlation implies that you will
A)overestimate the frequency of insecure short men.
B)underestimate the frequency of insecure short men.
C)accurately estimate the frequency of insecure short men.
D)falsely assume that tall men are naturally secure.

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation refers to the tendency to perceive a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists. If you believe that short men tend to be insecure, you're likely to overestimate how often you encounter insecure short men because you're paying more attention to instances that confirm your belief, while ignoring or discounting instances that don't fit it.

Question 16

People who are physically attractive are viewed as _____ than less attractive people.
A)more conceited and insecure and less competent
B)more sociable and poised and less competent
C)more friendly, well adjusted, and competent
D)more arrogant, insecure, and competent

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that physically attractive individuals are often perceived as more friendly, well-adjusted, and competent compared to less attractive individuals, a phenomenon known as the "halo effect."

Question 17

All of the following statements concerning stereotypes are accurate EXCEPT ​
A)stereotyping is a normal cognitive process.
B)stereotypes are usually based on objective data.
C)common stereotypes are based on gender, ethnicity, and occupation.
D)stereotypes are frequently broad overgeneralizations.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are often not based on objective data but rather on oversimplified ideas or biased opinions about a group.

Question 18

The illusory correlation effect occurs when we
A)incorrectly assume that one social trait is the cause of another, simply because we have observed that they are correlated.
B)are motivated to accurately estimate the frequency with which some pattern of social traits occurs.
C)see correlations between social traits that really aren't there, because our expectations distort our memories.
D)fail to see true correlations between social traits, because our expectations distort our memories.

Accepted Answer

The illusory correlation effect refers to the phenomenon where people perceive a relationship between two variables (typically social traits) even when no such relationship exists, often because their expectations or beliefs distort their perception and memory.

Question 19

Which of the following people are MOST likely to be viewed as more competent?
A)Older people
B)People who wear conservative attire
C)People who are physically attractive
D)People who mimic our own mannerisms

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people are MOST...

Question 20

When people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen, they have
A)created a stereotype.
B)made an illusory correlation.
C)made a covariation inference.
D)created a social schema.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as an illusory correlation, where people perceive a relationship between two variables even when no such relationship exists. It often contributes to the formation of stereotypes but is specifically about the incorrect perception of a correlation.

Quiz 12: Social Behavior

Judgments of people's character made by young children based only on looking at people's faces are

Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines ​

Joel and Kirk both work with a stock brokerage firm. Joel is considered to be extremely attractive, and Kirk is considered to be average in appearance. Based on research that has investigated the effects of physical appearance in person perception, you should predict that

Patty is a member of a jury and just voted "guilty." All the other jury members have voted "not guilty." At this point in time, the other jury members should classify Patty

Research on physical attractiveness has shown that

Person perception refers to the process of

A group that one belongs to and identifies with is known as a(n)

Sharon has met three musicians who have had full beards and three musicians who were clean-shaven. Still, she believes that most musicians have beards. Sharon's belief reflects

In terms of personality characteristics, people who are good looking tend to be viewed as ​

Harper is 35 years old and has just enrolled in his first university course. On the first day of class, he looks over the individuals in the room and sits next to another male student who appears to be in his early thirties. In this case, Harper has likely classified the other student ​

Which of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others? ​

A group that one does NOT belong to or identify with is known as a(n)

Newton believes that all airline pilots are calm, cool individuals who never get excited or show any strong emotional responses. In this case, Newton's beliefs about the traits and behaviors of airline pilots are one example of ​

You believe that short men have a tendency to be insecure. The concept of illusory correlation implies that you will

People who are physically attractive are viewed as _____ than less attractive people.

All of the following statements concerning stereotypes are accurate EXCEPT ​

The illusory correlation effect occurs when we

Which of the following people are MOST likely to be viewed as more competent?

When people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen, they have

Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines

In terms of personality characteristics, people who are good looking tend to be viewed as

Harper is 35 years old and has just enrolled in his first university course. On the first day of class, he looks over the individuals in the room and sits next to another male student who appears to be in his early thirties. In this case, Harper has likely classified the other student

Which of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others?

Newton believes that all airline pilots are calm, cool individuals who never get excited or show any strong emotional responses. In this case, Newton's beliefs about the traits and behaviors of airline pilots are one example of

All of the following statements concerning stereotypes are accurate EXCEPT