Question 1

Abused children show a high incidence of personal and social problems.

Accepted Answer

Children who have experienced abuse often face a range of personal and social problems, including emotional and behavioral issues, difficulties in relationships, and an increased risk of mental health disorders.

Question 2

Infants are capable of displaying certain behaviors to control unpleasant emotional states.

Accepted Answer

Infants can engage in behaviors such as sucking on their fingers or looking away to regulate and control their exposure to stimuli that cause unpleasant emotional states, demonstrating early forms of self-regulation.

Question 3

Scientific evidence suggests that vaccinations are the leading cause of autism.

Accepted Answer

Extensive research has shown no causal link between vaccinations and autism. Multiple studies across various populations and scientific reviews have consistently found vaccines to be safe and not responsible for autism.

Question 4

Parents, especially fathers, are more likely to encourage rough-and-tumble play in sons than daughters.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents, particularly fathers, are more inclined to engage in and encourage rough-and-tumble play with their sons compared to their daughters. This behavior is often influenced by traditional gender roles and societal expectations.

Question 5

Infants are quite capable of recovering from social deprivation.

Accepted Answer

Infants have a remarkable capacity for recovery from social deprivation, especially if they receive appropriate and timely intervention, care, and support. Early experiences of nurturing and responsive caregiving can significantly mitigate the adverse effects of initial social deprivation.

Question 6

Autism is a disorder characterized by extreme aloneness, communication problems, preservation of sameness, and ritualistic behavior.

Accepted Answer

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, and by unique strengths and differences. The symptoms you described, including extreme aloneness (difficulty in engaging with others), communication problems, preservation of sameness (resistance to change), and ritualistic behavior, are common characteristics associated with autism.

Question 7

In Kochanska's study on emotional development, resistant children were found to be least fearful and they frequently responded with happiness in episodes designed to evoke joy.

Accepted Answer

In Kochanska's study on emotional development, resistant children were often more fearful, not least fearful, and their emotional responses varied across different situations, not consistently responding with happiness in episodes designed to evoke joy.

Question 8

Physiologically, when emotions are strong, our hearts beat less rapidly.

Accepted Answer

When emotions are strong, our physiological response typically includes an increased heart rate, not a decrease. This is part of the body's fight-or-flight response, which prepares us to face or escape from perceived threats.

Question 9

In the context of the mirror technique designed to assess the development of self-concept among infants, nose touching suggests that children recognize others and that they perceive that the dot of rouge is consistent with their own features.

Accepted Answer

Nose touching in the mirror technique suggests that children recognize themselves, not others, and perceive the rouge as something inconsistent with their own features, indicating self-recognition.

Question 10

Children with stranger anxiety are more fearful when they are in familiar surroundings, such as their homes, rather than in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

Children with stranger anxiety typically show fear in the presence of strangers, and this reaction can be more pronounced in unfamiliar environments, such as a laboratory, rather than in their own homes where they feel safe and secure.

Question 11

Infants who display disorganized-disoriented attachment may show consistent behaviors, such as moving toward their mother while looking toward her.

Accepted Answer

Infants with disorganized-disoriented attachment often display inconsistent and contradictory behaviors, such as approaching their caregiver but not making eye contact, or freezing and appearing dazed in their presence, rather than consistent behaviors.

Question 12

Autistic infants are known to babble excessively by one year of age.

Accepted Answer

Autistic infants often show less babbling by one year of age compared to their non-autistic peers, which can be an early sign of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 13

Adults, especially fathers, show more positive reactions when girls play with boys' toys and boys play with girls' toys.

Accepted Answer

Research and societal observations often indicate that there is generally more acceptance for girls playing with traditionally "boys'" toys (like trucks or action figures) than for boys playing with traditionally "girls'" toys (like dolls or kitchen sets), reflecting underlying gender norms and stereotypes.

Question 14

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, emotional abuse involves the failure to provide adequate nurturance and emotional support.

Accepted Answer

Emotional abuse involves actions that harm a person's emotional well-being, such as verbal assaults, threats, or manipulation, rather than the failure to provide nurturance and support.

Question 15

Difficult children in general are at lower risk for developing psychological disorders and adjustment problems later in life.

Accepted Answer

Difficult children, characterized by traits such as irritability, difficulty in adapting to new situations, and irregular routines, are generally at a higher risk for developing psychological disorders and adjustment problems later in life compared to their peers.

Question 16

According to the classification by Thomas and Chess, an easy child has irregular sleep and feeding schedules.

Accepted Answer

An easy child, according to Thomas and Chess, typically has regular sleep and feeding schedules, adapts easily to new situations, and generally maintains a positive mood.

Question 17

According to Kochanska's study on emotional development, at 33 months of age, securely attached children were more likely to show fear and anger when they were exposed to situations designed to elicit these emotions.

Accepted Answer

Kochanska's study on emotional development found that securely attached children were less likely to show fear and anger in situations designed to elicit these emotions, indicating better emotional regulation associated with secure attachment.

Question 18

A mother's social response to her infant's face can reliably produce infant smiling by eight months of age.

Accepted Answer

By eight months of age, infants have developed social smiling in response to human faces, and the mother's reactions and interactions with her infant significantly contribute to eliciting and reinforcing these social smiles.

Question 19

Contact comfort is the pleasure derived from emotional contact with another.

Accepted Answer

Contact comfort refers to the physical and emotional comfort that an individual receives from physical touch or contact, not just the pleasure derived from emotional contact. It was famously demonstrated in studies by Harry Harlow with baby rhesus monkeys, showing the importance of touch and physical comfort in the development of healthy attachments, beyond just the satisfaction of nutritional needs.

Question 20

Children from high-quality day-care centers are more likely to be disruptive than children cared for in homes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children from high-quality day-care centers are more...

Quiz 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development