Question 1

In Ellis's theory,cognitions,emotions,and behavior
A) are entirely distinct and separate.
B) are consistently interactional and transactional.
C) have little effect on one another.
D) are usually rational, appropriate, and constructive.

Accepted Answer

In Ellis's theory, cognitions, emotions, and behavior are consistently interactional and transactional, meaning that they constantly influence and affect one another. There is no clear separation between these components, and they all work together to create a person's experience and actions.

Question 2

The goal of Ellis's REBT is to
A) understand the causes of pathological behavior.
B) remove the symptoms of pathological behavior.
C) free individuals to develop their own constructive belief systems.
D) help individuals to live according to social and cultural norms.

Accepted Answer

The goal of REBT is to help individuals identify and challenge their irrational beliefs, and replace them with rational and constructive beliefs, thus freeing them to develop their own constructive belief systems. It is not focused on understanding the causes of pathological behavior, removing symptoms, or conforming to social norms.

Question 3

In the later stages of his career,Ellis turned his attention toward applying his REBT techniques to
A) gender issues.
B) the supernatural.
C) political campaigns.
D) the challenges of disability.

Accepted Answer

Ellis turned his attention toward applying his REBT techniques to the challenges of disability in the later stages of his career. He developed techniques to help individuals with disabilities reduce their irrational beliefs and improve their mental health.

Question 4

Ellis associates emotional disturbance with
A) a compulsion to fulfill one's potential.
B) a lack of social interest.
C) caring too much about what others think.
D) seeing oneself as better than everyone else.

Accepted Answer

Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), associates emotional disturbance with irrational beliefs, such as caring too much about what others think. This emphasis on the importance of our thoughts and beliefs in shaping our emotional responses is central to his therapeutic approach.

Question 5

Which of the following would be characterized as an irrational belief?
A) I failed an exam, so I'm stupid.
B) I failed an exam, so I might fail the course.
C) I failed an exam, so others may have failed, too.
D) I failed an exam, so I should have studied harder.

Accepted Answer

Option A is an irrational belief because it involves a global, negative self-evaluation based on a single event (failing an exam). It is an overgeneralization and doesn't consider other factors that may have led to the failure.

Question 6

A modern precursor of Ellis's rational emotive therapy was
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Jung.
C) Alfred Adler.
D) B. F. Skinner.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler's work on individual psychology, emphasizing the importance of the individual's perception of events, laid foundational ideas that influenced the development of rational emotive therapy (RET) by Albert Ellis. Adler's focus on the individual's power to change faulty beliefs aligns with the core principles of RET.

Question 7

One characteristic of Beck's concept of schemas is that they
A) develop late in life.
B) shape the personality.
C) are always maladaptive.
D) are less stable than cognitions.

Accepted Answer

Beck's concept of schemas refers to the core beliefs and assumptions that shape an individual's perception of themselves, others, and the world. These schemas can be adaptive or maladaptive and are thought to develop early in life and influence personality. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it accurately reflects this characteristic of schemas. The other options (A, C, and D) are not accurate as schemas can develop early in life, can be adaptive or maladaptive, and are actually considered to be relatively stable.

Question 8

Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.With his therapist,Max is focusing on the D component of Ellis's A-B-C theory.Which of the following best exemplifies the type of work Max and his therapist might do while working on the D component?
A) Identifying more specifically the trigger for Max's anxiety
B) Discovering the event(s) in Max's personal history that may have contributed to his fear of airplanes
C) Challenging Max's beliefs about the dangers of airplanes
D) Designing exposures to the emotional consequence to make Max more accustomed to high levels of anxiety

Accepted Answer

Ellis's A-B-C theory focuses on identifying and challenging irrational beliefs (B) that lead to emotional and behavioral consequences (C) following an activating event (A). The D component involves disputing these irrational beliefs to change the emotional outcome. Therefore, challenging Max's beliefs about the dangers of airplanes directly addresses the D component by disputing the irrational beliefs that contribute to his anxiety.

Question 9

Overgeneralization,dichotomous thinking,and personalization are
A) categories in the Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Strengths Manual.
B) defense mechanisms.
C) symptoms of schizophrenia.
D) examples of cognitive distortions.

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization, dichotomous thinking, and personalization are examples of cognitive distortions, which are patterns of thinking that are inaccurate or irrational and can negatively impact one's emotions and actions. Overgeneralization involves making sweeping conclusions based on a single experience or instance, while dichotomous thinking involves seeing things in black and white, all-or-nothing terms. Personalization involves attributing internal thoughts or feelings to external factors or assuming responsibility for events that are beyond one's control. These cognitive distortions are often associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.

Question 10

Before taking on the job of a zoo guide,Miranda goes to see an REBT therapist to address a snake phobia.The therapist suggests using an implosive technique,which is most likely to involve
A) actually going into a cage filled with harmless snakes at the zoo.
B) hypnosis.
C) discussions about childhood experiences or traumas that may have contributed to the snake phobia.
D) a role-playing exercise in which the therapist voices the scary thoughts and Miranda talks back to them.

Accepted Answer

Implosive therapy, a form of exposure therapy, involves directly facing the feared object or situation in a controlled environment, which in this case would be going into a cage filled with harmless snakes.

Question 11

_____________ is a therapeutic process whereby anxieties and fears are reduced by pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to the thing or situation that causes the anxiety.
A) Role-play therapy
B) Rational emotive cognitive therapy
C) Desensitization
D) A-B-C therapy

Accepted Answer

Desensitization is a form of therapy that involves pairing relaxation techniques with exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli, with the aim of gradually reducing anxiety and fear associated with the stimuli. It is often used in the treatment of phobias and anxiety disorders. A) Role-play therapy involves acting out situations to gain insight and develop skills. B) Rational emotive cognitive therapy is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy aimed at challenging and changing irrational beliefs. D) A-B-C therapy is a component of rational emotive behavior therapy that involves identifying the activating event, beliefs, and consequences related to a problematic situation.

Question 12

Cognitive schemas are an essential component of the personality theory of
A) Ellis.
B) Beck.
C) Rogers.
D) Freud.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive schemas are central to the cognitive theory of personality, which was developed by Aaron Beck. The theory proposes that individuals develop these cognitive schemas based on their personal experiences and use them as a framework to interpret new information and experiences.

Question 13

Dr.Gupta is a clinical psychologist who practices rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT).Dr.Gupta's approach to treatment is most likely to be influenced by
A) Skinner.
B) Rogers.
C) Adler.
D) Ellis.

Accepted Answer

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis, who is a prominent figure in the field of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Skinner (A) is associated with behaviorism, Rogers (B) with humanistic psychology and Adler (C) with individual psychology.

Question 14

What do the theories of Ellis,Beck,and Lazarus have in common?
A) They all emphasize practical advantages over theoretical orientations.
B) They all have a clearly articulated philosophy underlying them.
C) They are more pessimistic than optimistic in nature.
D) They all explain present behavior in terms of events in a person's childhood.

Accepted Answer

They all emphasize practical advantages over theoretical orientations.

Question 15

Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality,Max's overwhelming anxiety represents
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Accepted Answer

Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality, "C" represents the Consequence, which in this case is Max's overwhelming anxiety. The theory posits that it is not the activating event (A) itself that causes emotional and behavioral consequences (C), but rather one's beliefs about the event (B) that lead to C.

Question 16

The A-B-C theory of personality suggests that emotional consequences are largely created by
A) a significant precipitating event.
B) biological predispositions.
C) one's beliefs.
D) unconscious conflict between aggressive and inhibitory impulses.

Accepted Answer

The A-B-C theory of personality posits that emotional consequences are largely created by one's beliefs. A refers to Activating event (or objective situation), B represents Beliefs (interpretation or perception of the event), and C stands for Consequences (emotional, behavioral, or cognitive responses to the beliefs). Therefore, it is not simply the objective event but one's subjective appraisal of it that determines the emotional outcome. The theory is widely used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help clients understand and modify their maladaptive thinking patterns that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors.

Question 17

Dr.Reiss is a clinical psychologist who endorses Ellis's A-B-C model of personality.Dr.Reiss probably believes that her clients suffer from psychological problems because their beliefs about themselves and the events in their lives are
A) too easily influenced by those around them.
B) based exclusively on early childhood experiences.
C) too complicated.
D) too dogmatic and absolute.

Accepted Answer

Ellis's A-B-C model suggests that psychological problems arise from irrational and rigid beliefs that individuals hold about themselves and the events in their lives. These beliefs tend to be dogmatic and absolute, and Dr. Reiss probably believes that her clients' psychological problems stem from these types of beliefs.

Question 18

Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality,the behavior of approaching the gate at the airport represents
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Accepted Answer

In Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality, "A" stands for the Activating event, which in this scenario is Max approaching the gate at the airport. This event triggers his overwhelming anxiety, making it the initial stimulus or situation that leads to his emotional and behavioral responses.

Question 19

Characteristically,an REBT therapist would be
A) an empathetic listener.
B) indirect.
C) subtle.
D) highly active.

Accepted Answer

REBT therapists are typically highly active in their sessions. They challenge irrational beliefs, provide homework assignments, and use cognitive and behavioral techniques to help clients change their thinking and behavior. The therapist is seen as an educator/coach, rather than a passive listener.

Question 20

Unlike controlled thoughts,automatic thoughts are
A) conscious.
B) easily regulated.
C) intentional.
D) involuntary.

Accepted Answer

Automatic thoughts are by definition involuntary and outside of conscious control. They often involve automatic, unconscious cognitive processes and can lead to certain negative emotions and behaviors.

Quiz 16: Cognitive-Behavioral Theories Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus

In Ellis's theory,cognitions,emotions,and behavior

The goal of Ellis's REBT is to

In the later stages of his career,Ellis turned his attention toward applying his REBT techniques to

Ellis associates emotional disturbance with

Which of the following would be characterized as an irrational belief?

A modern precursor of Ellis's rational emotive therapy was

One characteristic of Beck's concept of schemas is that they

Overgeneralization,dichotomous thinking,and personalization are

Before taking on the job of a zoo guide,Miranda goes to see an REBT therapist to address a snake phobia.The therapist suggests using an implosive technique,which is most likely to involve

_____________ is a therapeutic process whereby anxieties and fears are reduced by pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to the thing or situation that causes the anxiety.

Cognitive schemas are an essential component of the personality theory of

Dr.Gupta is a clinical psychologist who practices rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) .Dr.Gupta's approach to treatment is most likely to be influenced by

What do the theories of Ellis,Beck,and Lazarus have in common?

Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality,Max's overwhelming anxiety represents

The A-B-C theory of personality suggests that emotional consequences are largely created by

Dr.Reiss is a clinical psychologist who endorses Ellis's A-B-C model of personality.Dr.Reiss probably believes that her clients suffer from psychological problems because their beliefs about themselves and the events in their lives are

Max is very fearful of airplanes.If he does fly,he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport.Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality,the behavior of approaching the gate at the airport represents

Characteristically,an REBT therapist would be

Unlike controlled thoughts,automatic thoughts are