Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a privately run prison corporation?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model?

Accepted Answer

The reformatory model was designed to reform younger, non-violent offenders through education and training, so it did not typically house older offenders with medical issues. The other three characteristics listed (indeterminate sentencing and parole, classification of prisoners, and educational/vocational training) are all key features of the reformatory model.

Question 3

Which of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gill was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons, promoting the idea that rehabilitation and treatment should be part of the correctional system.

Question 4

Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?

Accepted Answer

The Irish mark system was developed by Walter Crofton, a prison administrator in Ireland. The system allowed inmates to earn marks for good behavior, which could eventually lead to early release.

Question 5

The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries. It had a radial design, with seven wings, each containing 76 cells, radiating from a central hub, where control personnel were stationed.

Accepted Answer

The Eastern State Penitentiary, completed in 1829, was known for its radial design and became a model for prisons in Europe.

Question 6

Which penal system is based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration?

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania model is based on the belief that solitary confinement and reflection would lead to rehabilitation, suggesting that prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration.

Question 7

Where would vagrants, beggars, and delinquents be forced to work by way of discipline and punishment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where would vagrants, beggars, and delinquents be...

Question 8

Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity?

Accepted Answer

The Elmira Reformatory in New York was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity in the late 1800s. This system was known as the "mark system" and was designed to incentivize good behavior and provide inmates with skills they could use upon release.

Question 9

The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must:

Accepted Answer

The equity goal of punishment encompasses the idea that offenders should compensate for the harm caused to victims, the costs incurred by the justice system, and the broader societal disruptions resulting from their crimes.

Question 10

Who believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham was a philosopher and jurist who is best known for his advocacy of utilitarianism, which is the idea that the law should aim to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 11

Who was an English sheriff who advocated jail reform?

Accepted Answer

John Howard was an English sheriff known for his efforts in advocating for jail reform in the 18th century.

Question 12

Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for those involved in offensive acts such as incest and magic?

Accepted Answer

Monastic confinement was a form of imprisonment used by the Church in the Middle Ages for those accused of moral and religious offenses, such as incest and magic.

Question 13

The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should:

Accepted Answer

Punishment should aim at teaching a lesson to the offender, so they can understand the consequences of their actions and be deterred from repeating them in the future. It should not be degrading or occur before a trial, and waiving punishment would not achieve the goal of behavior change.

Question 14

The ____________________ is t he idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention.

Accepted Answer

The medical model is the concept that criminal behavior is a form of illness that can be treated or cured through psychological or medical intervention.

Question 15

Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as:

Accepted Answer

Retribution is punishment that is intended to make the offender suffer, to pay for the harm they have caused, and to restore the moral order. It is based on the idea that the offender deserves punishment for violating the social contract, and that society has a right to exact revenge or "get even" for the harm that was done. Retribution does not focus on rehabilitation or deterrence of future offenses.

Question 16

Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted concerning crime and punishment?

Accepted Answer

Pennsylvania led the way in repealing the British laws concerning crime and punishment. In 1786, Pennsylvania passed the "Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery," which was the first legislation of its kind in the United States that provided for the gradual abolition of slavery. Additionally, Pennsylvania was also one of the first states to adopt a new constitution that abolished the death penalty for many crimes.

Question 17

Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:

Accepted Answer

Public outrage typically demands that offenders face consequences for their actions, which is often interpreted as paying for their crimes.

Question 18

A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

Accepted Answer

A penitentiary is a prison designed to isolate felons from society. A bridewell is a historical term for a type of prison, often used for short-term confinement of minor offenders. A house of corrections is a type of prison for minor offenses, typically for short-term sentences. A jail is a facility used for the confinement of individuals awaiting trial or serving short-term sentences.

Question 19

Who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model?

Accepted Answer

Zebulon Brockway was a key proponent of the reformatory model, advocating for rehabilitation and reform in the prison system.

Question 20

The first formal legal code was the:

Accepted Answer

The Code of Hammurabi was the first formal legal code, created by King Hammurabi of Babylon around 1750 BCE.

Quiz 1: The Correctional System