Question 1

Which of the following common kitchen chemicals are toxic at certain concentration or under certain biological conditions?
A)table salt
B)cane sugar
C)baking soda
D)All of these can be toxic.

Accepted Answer

All of these kitchen chemicals can be toxic at certain concentrations or under certain biological conditions. For example, consuming a large amount of table salt can lead to sodium poisoning, consuming excessive amounts of cane sugar can lead to obesity and diabetes, and consuming baking soda in large amounts can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body.

Question 2

Which is a poison that acts by blocking the oxidation of glucose within cells?
A)nitrate
B)cyanide
C)nicotine
D)sulfuric acid

Accepted Answer

Cyanide is a poison that acts by blocking the oxidation of glucose within cells, which is necessary for energy production. This leads to cell death and can ultimately result in organ failure and death. Nitrates are not poisons, but can be converted to nitrites which can cause poisoning in high amounts. Nicotine is a stimulant drug that acts on the central nervous system, and sulfuric acid is a corrosive substance that can cause chemical burns.

Question 3

Oxidizing agents like ozone are classified as
A)blood agents.
B)nerve poisons.
C)corrosive poisons.
D)carcinogens.

Accepted Answer

Oxidizing agents are corrosive poisons, meaning they can cause damage to tissues upon contact.

Question 4

The study of the effects of poisons,their detection and identification and their antidotes is known as
A)alkaloidism.
B)carcinogenic testing.
C)berylliosis.
D)toxicology.

Accepted Answer

The study of poisons, their detection and identification, and their antidotes is known as toxicology. Therefore, the best choice is D. Alkaloidism refers to the poisoning caused by alkaloids, carcinogenic testing is related to cancer-causing agents, and berylliosis is a lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium. These options are not related to the study of poisons and their effects.

Question 5

Many oxidizing agents "poison" by
A)deactivating enzymes.
B)hydrolyzing proteins.
C)breaking down carbohydrates.
D)reacting with water.

Accepted Answer

Many oxidizing agents are reactive enough to alter the chemical structure of enzymes, effectively deactivating them. This can lead to a range of health problems or even death.

Question 6

Which of the following amino acids undergoes oxidation in the presence of photochemical smog?
A)tryptophan
B)glycine
C)leucine
D)threonine

Accepted Answer

Tryptophan contains a benzene ring in its side chain, which makes it susceptible to oxidation by photochemical smog. This process can lead to the formation of harmful compounds such as quinones and reactive oxygen species.

Question 7

Strong acids and bases are damaging to living cells because even in dilute solutions they
A)are oxidizing agents.
B)are reducing agents.
C)catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins.
D)form dangerous peroxides.

Accepted Answer

Strong acids and bases can catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins, leading to damage in living cells.

Question 8

An example of an alkaloid is
A)estradiol.
B)acetic acid.
C)methionine.
D)caffeine.

Accepted Answer

Alkaloids are a class of organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms and have pharmacological effects on the human body. Caffeine is a well-known example of an alkaloid, found in coffee beans and tea leaves. Estradiol is a steroid hormone, acetic acid is a simple carboxylic acid, and methionine is an amino acid, none of which fit the definition of an alkaloid.

Question 9

Cyanide poisons by
A)blocking oxygen transport by hemoglobin.
B)reacting with lung tissue.
C)deactivating glucose oxidation enzymes.
D)blocking cell protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, preventing cells from using oxygen to produce ATP, effectively halting glucose oxidation.

Question 10

An alkaloid is a(n)
A)carcinogen that is made by plants.
B)heterocyclic amine that is occurs naturally in plants.
C)air pollutant.
D)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

Accepted Answer

An alkaloid is a naturally occurring heterocyclic amine that is produced in plants. They have a variety of pharmacological and biochemical effects and are also commonly used as medicines or drugs. Alkaloids are found in many plant species and have diverse chemical structures.

Question 11

Which of the following corrosive toxins is also called an oxidizing agent?
A)nitric acid
B)hydrochloric acid
C)sodium hydroxide (lye)
D)ozone

Accepted Answer

Ozone is a well-known oxidizing agent, capable of accepting electrons from other substances during chemical reactions.

Question 12

The sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine is oxidized to
A)cysteic acid.
B)cysteic sulfoxide.
C)a sulfoxide-carboxylic acid.
D)an amide.

Accepted Answer

Cysteine is commonly oxidized to cysteic acid through the addition of two oxygen molecules, forming a sulfate group (-SO3H) on the cysteine molecule. This oxidation makes cysteine more polar and less hydrophobic, which can affect its function in proteins. Cysteic sulfoxide and sulfoxide-carboxylic acid are not known oxidation products of cysteine, and an amide would require the loss of the sulfur atom in cysteine, making it a different molecule entirely.

Question 13

The treatment for cyanide poisoning is
A)sodium bisulfate.
B)potassium iodide.
C)hydrogen iodide.
D)sodium nitrite.

Accepted Answer

The best choice for the treatment of cyanide poisoning is sodium nitrite. This medication works by converting hemoglobin in the blood into methemoglobin, which has a higher affinity for cyanide. This reduces the amount of free cyanide in the blood, allowing it to be excreted more easily. Sodium bisulfite can be administered along with sodium nitrite to convert methemoglobin back to hemoglobin. Potassium iodide and hydrogen iodide are not effective treatments for cyanide poisoning.

Question 14

Many household cleaners contain strong acids or bases.Drain cleaners,oven cleaners and toilet bowl cleaners are all
A)metabolic poisons.
B)corrosive poisons.
C)mutagenic poisons.
D)carcinogenic poisons.

Accepted Answer

Household cleaners containing strong acids or bases are corrosive poisons, as they can cause severe damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact. They can also be dangerous if ingested or inhaled. It is important to handle these types of cleaners with care and keep them out of reach of children and pets.

Question 15

The average fatal dose of hydrogen cyanide is
A)5 to 10 mg.
B)50 mg.
C)5 to 10 g.
D)200 to 300 g.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average fatal dose of hydrogen cyanide...

Question 16

The active ingredient in which of the following is a corrosive poison?
A)ammonia
B)drain cleaner
C)furniture wax
D)laundry detergent

Accepted Answer

Drain cleaner often contains chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (lye) or sulfuric acid, which are highly corrosive and can cause severe burns if ingested or come into contact with skin or eyes.

Question 17

Which of the following poisons results in decreasing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen?
A)mercury
B)carbon monoxide
C)sodium chloride
D)sodium hydroxide

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin and decreasing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant that can damage living cells?
A)cysteine
B)ozone
C)peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
D)sulfur dioxide

Accepted Answer

Cysteine is an amino acid and not an air pollutant. The other three options (ozone, PAN, sulfur dioxide) are air pollutants that can damage living cells.

Question 19

Which is a corrosive poison?
A)carbon monoxide
B)potassium nitrite
C)methyl alcohol
D)sulfuric acid

Accepted Answer

Sulfuric acid is a corrosive substance that can cause severe burns and tissue damage upon contact.

Question 20

Which of the following is the most poisonous?
A)botulin
B)strychnine
C)nicotine
D)coniine

Accepted Answer

Botulin is the most poisonous substance known to humans, with a lethal dose of only 1-2 nanograms per kilogram of body weight. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and causes botulism, a deadly disease that can lead to respiratory failure and paralysis. Strychnine and nicotine are also highly toxic, but they are not as lethal as botulin. Coniine is a toxic alkaloid found in hemlock, but it is not as poisonous as the other three substances.

Quiz 22: Poisons

Which of the following common kitchen chemicals are toxic at certain concentration or under certain biological conditions?

Which is a poison that acts by blocking the oxidation of glucose within cells?

Oxidizing agents like ozone are classified as

The study of the effects of poisons,their detection and identification and their antidotes is known as

Many oxidizing agents "poison" by

Which of the following amino acids undergoes oxidation in the presence of photochemical smog?

Strong acids and bases are damaging to living cells because even in dilute solutions they

An example of an alkaloid is

Cyanide poisons by

An alkaloid is a(n)

Which of the following corrosive toxins is also called an oxidizing agent?

The sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine is oxidized to

The treatment for cyanide poisoning is

Many household cleaners contain strong acids or bases.Drain cleaners,oven cleaners and toilet bowl cleaners are all

The average fatal dose of hydrogen cyanide is

The active ingredient in which of the following is a corrosive poison?

Which of the following poisons results in decreasing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen?

Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant that can damage living cells?

Which is a corrosive poison?

Which of the following is the most poisonous?