I N Ferguson V

I n Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001) , involving state hospital obstetric patients who were arrested for child abuse after testing positive for cocaine while pregnant, SCOTUS decided that the searches: ​

A) did violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were warrantless, suspicionless, and nonconsensual.
B) did not violate the Fourth Amendment, because the incidence of cocaine use among pregnant women has created a special need.
C) did not violate the Fourth Amendment, because doctors suspected the mothers were using cocaine.
D) did violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were conducted by health care professionals and not by law enforcement officers.