According to the SCOTUS decision in New Jersey v. T.L.O. , involving the search of a student's purse, school officials (at least those officials supervising students younger than high-school age)may search the possessions of a student under their authority:

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The Supreme Court ruled in New Jersey v. T.L.O. that school officials need only have reasonable suspicion, not probable cause, to search a student's possessions. This standard is lower than that required for law enforcement, recognizing the unique context of schools and the need to maintain an environment conducive to education.

According to the SCOTUS Decision in New Jersey V