Question 1

What is the diaphragm's main purpose?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm's main purpose is to control breathing by contracting and relaxing to allow air into and out of the lungs.

Question 2

What is the most common disease associated to autonomic nerve damage or autonomic failure?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes is the most common disease associated with autonomic nerve damage or autonomic failure, as high blood sugar levels over time can lead to nerve damage throughout the body, including the autonomic nervous system.

Question 3

Kidney stones are often a result of the kidney's inability to absorb __________.

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones are often a result of the kidney's inability to properly absorb calcium, leading to the formation of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones, which are the most common types of kidney stones.

Question 4

Hypertension disease has a strong link to the body retaining which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often linked to the body retaining excessive fluids. This retention increases blood volume, thereby raising blood pressure.

Question 5

Which of the following is a progressive lung disease that worsens over time, preventing a person from being able to breathe because of damage to the alveoli or thickening of the bronchi?

Accepted Answer

COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a progressive lung disease that worsens over time, characterized by the damage to the alveoli or thickening of the bronchi, leading to difficulty in breathing.

Question 6

Where does the main source of brain energy come from?

Accepted Answer

The main source of energy for the brain is glucose, which is a type of sugar. The brain consumes about 20% of the body's glucose, despite only making up about 2% of the body's mass.

Question 7

Excessive perspiration is usually not normal and is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Diaphoresis is the medical term for excessive sweating or perspiration that is not necessarily related to heat or exercise. It can be a symptom of various medical conditions or a side effect of certain medications.

Question 8

One early warning sign that a diabetic patient presents with is the development of__________ in the urine.

Accepted Answer

Protein in the urine, also known as proteinuria, is an early warning sign of kidney damage in diabetic patients. Diabetes can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a condition where the kidneys' filtering system is damaged, allowing protein that would normally be retained in the body to leak into the urine.

Question 9

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

The primary function of the thyroid gland is to regulate metabolism by producing thyroid hormones, which control the speed at which the body's chemical functions proceed (metabolic rate).

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary connector between the brain and the heart?

Accepted Answer

The vagus nerve is the primary connector between the brain and the heart, playing a crucial role in regulating heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following glands of the endocrine system are responsible for secreting glucose which controls blood sugar level?

Accepted Answer

The pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) in the pancreas are responsible for secreting insulin and glucagon, hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while glucagon raises it.

Question 12

What type of strokes are caused by a blood clot that forms somewhere in the body and travels to the brain, where the clot then blocks blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Embolic strokes are caused by a blood clot or other debris that forms away from the brain — often in the heart. This clot then travels through the bloodstream to the brain, where it can block an artery, causing a stroke.

Question 13

High blood potassium, called hyperkalemia, can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia can affect the electrical activity of the heart, leading to an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia.

Question 14

What system is often referred to as the heart's "fight-or-flight" response?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight-or-flight" response, activating physiological changes that prepare the body for action in response to perceived threats.

Question 15

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid gland primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases blood calcium levels by acting on bones, kidneys, and the intestine.

Question 16

What is the process of inhaling and exhaling by breathing called?

Accepted Answer

External respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the lungs, which includes the process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide, commonly known as breathing.

Question 17

Hormones from what gland control the other glands in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland, often referred to as the "master gland," controls other glands in the endocrine system by secreting hormones that regulate their function.

Question 18

Without intervention, what disease can lead to end stage renal disease and kidney dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes can lead to end stage renal disease and kidney dysfunction due to the damage high blood sugar levels can cause to the kidneys over time.

Question 19

The human body is composed of approximately what percentage of water?

Accepted Answer

The human body is composed of approximately 60% water, which is essential for various bodily functions.

Question 20

Urine is formed in the kidneys by tiny blood capillary units called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys where blood filtration and urine formation take place.

Quiz 2: Body Systems and Heart Health