Question 1

In anterograde amnesia, there is

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is characterized by an inability to form new long-term memories, while past memories before the onset of amnesia remain accessible.

Question 2

In a free recall task, an individual is asked _____.

Accepted Answer

In a free recall task, individuals are asked to remember and report as much information as possible about a topic or list of items in any order they choose, without specific cues or prompts.

Question 3

Neville is memorizing parts of the brain for his psychology exam. Neville rehearses the information over and over, past the point of practice needed to recognize and list all of the parts of the brain. Which memory technique is Neville utilizing?

Accepted Answer

Overlearning is the process of continuing to practice and study material beyond the point of initial mastery. Neville's method of rehearsing the information repeatedly, even after he is able to recognize and list all parts of the brain, is a classic example of overlearning. This technique can enhance retention and recall by reinforcing the memory beyond the basic requirements.

Question 4

While taking her psychology exam, Edith is certain that she knows who developed the forgetting curve. She remembers studying it, and she can get a vague picture of where the material is in her textbook. Edith's certainty that she knows something, but inability to recall it is called

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon describes the situation where a person is confident that they know something (such as a word, name, or fact) but is temporarily unable to recall it. This is exactly what Edith is experiencing.

Question 5

All but which of the following are difficulties with the concept of repression, as presented by Freud?

Accepted Answer

Most experts today do not completely dismiss the concept of repression; rather, they question its prevalence and the mechanisms by which it might occur.

Question 6

A group of students make a presentation on theories of forgetting. Which student was assigned retrieval theory?

Accepted Answer

Apollo's explanation aligns with retrieval theory, which posits that forgetting occurs due to difficulties in accessing stored information, not because the memories are lost.

Question 7

Motivated forgetting is another name for

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting refers to the process where individuals unconsciously block out painful or unwanted memories, which is synonymous with repression, a concept introduced by Sigmund Freud.

Question 8

When Louise told her friend about a book she had just read, she was able to provide a lot of details about the last several pages. This demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

The recency effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals remember the most recently presented information best, which explains why Louise could recall details about the last several pages of the book more vividly.

Question 9

Ella has suffered a head injury. She is no longer able to form new long-term memories. She is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories after a brain injury, which matches Ella's condition. Retrograde amnesia involves losing memories formed before the injury, and the other options refer to different memory or psychological issues not related to the inability to form new memories.

Question 10

Jessica is participating in an experiment on memory. She has been asked to memorize a long list of word pairs. Once she has mastered the list, she will be asked a series of questions about which words were paired with each other. This is an example of a _____ test of memory.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a paired-associates recall test, where participants are asked to remember pairs of items (in this case, words) and later recall one item of the pair when presented with the other.

Question 11

In general, which type of memory task produces better retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Recognition tasks generally produce better retrieval than recall tasks because they require the participant to identify information from a list of options, which is easier than generating information without cues.

Question 12

To avoid interference effects on memory, your text recommends all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

To avoid interference effects on memory, it's recommended to space out study sessions, especially for similar material, to prevent confusion and enhance recall. Studying similar content back-to-back (E) can lead to interference, making it harder to remember each distinct set of information.

Question 13

In retrograde amnesia,

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia involves the loss of pre-existing memories, typically due to brain injury or trauma, while the ability to form new memories may remain intact.

Question 14

Which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval theory suggests that forgetting occurs because of a failure to access memories that are stored in the brain, indicating an issue with retrieving the information rather than the information being lost.

Question 15

Which student is taking a test that is a recognition task?

Accepted Answer

Recognition tasks involve identifying correct answers from a list of options, which is what Melissa is doing in her sociology class multiple-choice exam.

Question 16

Most people consider recognition tasks to be easier than recall tasks, possibly because _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most people consider recognition tasks to be...

Question 17

Lionel takes an exam in his French class. He is presented a word in English and asked to list the French equivalent. What type of memory task is Lionel completing?

Accepted Answer

Lionel is engaging in a paired-associates recall task, where he must remember the French equivalent (the pair) for a given English word. This involves recalling one item in a pair when presented with the other.

Question 18

Why do students generally perform better on multiple-choice tests than on essay tests?

Accepted Answer

Multiple-choice tests provide more retrieval cues, which help students recognize the correct answer among the options given. This is easier than recalling information from scratch, as is required in essay tests.

Question 19

Pedro has suffered a head injury that causes him to have no memory of the events preceding the injury. He is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the inability to recall events that occurred before the onset of the amnesia, which matches Pedro's symptoms.

Question 20

Many people cannot say whether the doorknob is on the left or right side of their front door. This is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is most likely due to encoding failure, which occurs when the brain fails to create a memorable path for the information, meaning the detail about which side the doorknob is on was never properly encoded into memory because it was deemed unimportant.

Quiz 6: Memory