In the Context of the Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Which of the Following

In the context of the leader-member exchange theory, which of the following is true of out-group members?

A) Their stress comes from the additional responsibilities placed on them by the leader.
B) Their frequent communication with the superior generally leads to higher performance ratings.
C) They are more likely to retaliate against the organization.
D) They are less likely to be managed by formal rules and policies.