Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Prince Henry "the Navigator", Bartolomeu Días, and Vasco da Gama

Accepted Answer

Prince Henry "the Navigator" was a Portuguese prince who lived from 1394 to 1460. He was a key figure in the early days of the Age of Exploration, and is known for his role in promoting and funding maritime exploration. He established a school of navigation in Portugal and sponsored numerous voyages along the coast of Africa, which eventually led to the discovery of new trade routes and territories.

Bartolomeu Días was a Portuguese explorer who lived from 1450 to 1500. In 1488, he became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa, which he named the Cape of Good Hope. This discovery opened up a sea route to Asia and ultimately paved the way for future exploration and trade with the East.

Vasco da Gama was another Portuguese explorer who lived from 1460 to 1524. In 1498, he became the first European to reach India by sea, establishing a direct maritime route from Europe to Asia. This achievement had a significant impact on global trade and the expansion of European influence in the East.

Overall, Prince Henry "the Navigator", Bartolomeu Días, and Vasco da Gama were all instrumental in advancing European exploration and trade during the Age of Exploration, and their contributions had a lasting impact on world history.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Peasant revolts

Accepted Answer

Peasant revolts refer to uprisings and rebellions by the lower class agricultural workers against the ruling class or government. These revolts were often sparked by oppressive taxation, harsh working conditions, and lack of political representation.

One of the most significant peasant revolts in history was the German Peasants' War, which took place from 1524 to 1525. The revolt was led by Thomas Müntzer and other peasant leaders who sought to overthrow the feudal system and establish a more just society. The revolt was ultimately crushed by the ruling nobility, but it had a lasting impact on the development of the Protestant Reformation and the rights of peasants in Germany.

Another notable peasant revolt was the Jacquerie in France in 1358, where peasants rose up against the nobility in response to the devastation caused by the Hundred Years' War and the Black Death. The revolt was brutally suppressed, but it highlighted the social and economic tensions of the time.

Peasant revolts were significant because they challenged the existing power structures and brought attention to the grievances of the lower classes. They also contributed to the eventual rise of modern democratic and labor movements.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Martin Luther, John Calvin

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a German monk and theologian who is best known for sparking the Protestant Reformation in 1517. He famously nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church, criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and calling for reform. This act led to a major schism within Christianity and the eventual formation of Protestantism as a separate branch of the faith. Luther's teachings emphasized the importance of faith and the authority of scripture, and he translated the Bible into German to make it more accessible to the common people. His actions had a profound impact on the religious and political landscape of Europe, leading to religious wars and the establishment of new Protestant churches.

John Calvin (1509-1564) was a French theologian and pastor who played a key role in the development of Protestantism. He is best known for his role in the Reformation in Geneva, where he established a theocratic government based on his interpretation of Christian teachings. Calvin's theology emphasized predestination, the idea that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned, and his teachings had a significant influence on the development of Protestant thought. His work, "Institutes of the Christian Religion," became a foundational text for the Reformed tradition. Calvin's ideas spread throughout Europe and beyond, shaping the beliefs and practices of numerous Protestant denominations. His impact on the development of Protestantism and the broader history of Christianity is significant.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Maritime Revolution

Accepted Answer